Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 13RQ
What is fitness? To what degree does fitness depend on the environment in which organisms live?
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Does fitness(as used in biology) and survival have the same meaning? Why or why not?
Which of the following is true about fitness?
a) It refers to the physical strength of an individual
b) It is determined solely by an individual's genotype
c) It is the same thing as survival
d) It is the ability of an individual to reproduce and pass on its genes to the next generation
What is biological constraints ?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - What characteristics would have made the surface...Ch. 12.1 - How do we know when oceans were first present on...Ch. 12.1 - What lines of reasoning support the hypothesis...Ch. 12.2 - Why is the origin of cyanobacteria considered a...Ch. 12.2 - What caused the development of banded iron...Ch. 12.2 - What lines of evidence indicate that microbial...Ch. 12.3 - What evidence supports the idea that the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.3 - In what ways are modern eukaryotes a combination...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.5 - How are DNA sequences obtained for phylogenetic...Ch. 12.5 - What does a phylogenetic tree depict?Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.6 - What are the different processes that give rise to...Ch. 12.6 - What is the difference between selection and...Ch. 12.6 - In the experiment of Figure 13.12, why did the...Ch. 12.7 - What is the difference between the core and pan...Ch. 12.7 - What kind of recombination might have the greatest...Ch. 12.7 - What effects do deletions have on the evolution of...Ch. 12.8 - What is the difference between taxonomy and...Ch. 12.8 - What are some key criteria from the phylogenetic...Ch. 12.8 - How many species of Bacteria and Archaea have been...Ch. 12.9 - What class of genes is used in MLST analyses?Ch. 12.9 - How is ribotyping different from rep-PCR?Ch. 12.9 - What is FAME analysis?Ch. 12.10 - What roles do culture collections play in...Ch. 12.10 - What is the IJSEM and what taxonomic function does...Ch. 12.10 - Why might viable cell cultures be of more use in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5RQCh. 12 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. What major physiological and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - Prob. 8RQCh. 12 - Prob. 9RQCh. 12 - What is the difference between a gene tree and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11RQCh. 12 - Prob. 12RQCh. 12 - What is fitness? To what degree does fitness...Ch. 12 - What are some processes that influence the content...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15RQCh. 12 - What is the "species problem" and why is the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RQCh. 12 - Prob. 19RQCh. 12 - Prob. 20RQCh. 12 - Prob. 21RQCh. 12 - Compare and contrast the physical and chemical...Ch. 12 - For the following sequences, construct the...Ch. 12 - Imagine that you have been given several bacterial...Ch. 12 - Imagine that you have discovered a new form of...
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- Describe why fitness has a molecular basis. How does DNA play a role in an organism's fitness? Is DNA the only way an organism's fitness can be increased?arrow_forwardHow is variation different from adaptation? * Variations are physical or behavioral traits that make an organism better suited to its environment while adaptation comes from random mutations. no answer Variation is a difference within an individual organism from the rest of the population. An adaptation is a feature that helps an organism survive in its environment. Adaptation is a difference within an individual organism from the rest of the population. A variation is a feature that helps an organism survive in its environment. Variation is always caused by mutation while adaptation is a heritable trait. Which of the following BEST explains Darwin's observation on populations of various species that seemed well-suited to their environment? * Species had been introduced to particular areas by humans on purpose. no answer Species might be able to adapt to their surroundings over time. The species Darwin saw were all related to each other. Some environments rarely ever change.arrow_forwardWhich statement about the relationship between specialization and obligacy are true? Some but not all specialized interactions are obligate. All specialized interactions are also obligate. "Specialized" and "obligate" mean the same thing. Interactions are either specialized or obligate, but never both.arrow_forward
- What is it called when one organism moves from another environment?arrow_forwardWhat does the novel Brave New World suggest is necessary in human life for people to “live significantly”?arrow_forwardHow can behaviors be adaptive? Provide an example that includes support from the five tenants of evolution by natural selection: 1) overproduction of offspring, 2) variation in the population, 3) competition for resources, 4) adaptive advantage for some, and 5) reproduction for those who survivearrow_forward
- How is variation different from adaptation? * No answer Variation is always caused by mutation while adaptation is a heritable trait. Variation is a difference within an individual organism from the rest of the population. An adaptation is a feature that helps an organism survive in its environment. Adaptation is a difference within an individual organism from the rest of the population. A variation is a feature that helps an organism survive in its environment. Variations are physical or behavioral traits that make an organism better suited to its environment while adaptation comes from random mutations.arrow_forwardIn what ways does evolution depend on transfer of information? In what ways does transfer of information depend on evolution?arrow_forwardAccording to Hamilton’s rule,(A) natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior thatcauses the death of the altruist.(B) natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resultingbenefit to the recipient, corrected for relatedness, exceedsthe cost to the altruist.(C) natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behaviorthat benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior thatbenefits a sibling.(D) the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects ofdirect natural selection on individuals.arrow_forward
- Exercise 2: Read the situation below about "natural selection" and relate this situation to the statement "Survival of the Fittest". Situation: In a habitat there are red bugs and green bugs. The birds prefer the taste of the red bugs, so soon there are many green bugs and few red bugs. The green bugs reproduce and make more green bugs and eventually there are no more red bugs.arrow_forwardDefine evolution: What is decent with modification? Use Mosquitoes and DDT to explain natural selection. What does the term fitness mean in the context of evolution?arrow_forwardWhich of the following are equivalent ways to talk about an allele or genotype of individuals who are able to leave MORE offspring than others in a certain environment? Check all that apply. Group of answer choices A-"has a benefit" B-"has a higher fitness" C-"confers a selective disadvantage" D-"confers a selective advantage" E-"has a cost"arrow_forward
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