
(a)
Interpretation: The synthetic route for the transformation of given molecules should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Reagents: Chemical substances used in the process of
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical
Grignard Reagent: It is generally used in alkylation of
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of
(b)
Interpretation: The synthetic route for the transformation of given molecules should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Reagents: Chemical substances used in the process of chemical reactions.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.
Grignard Reagent: It is generally used in alkylation of aldehydes and ketones. It converts carbonyl to carbon-oxygen single bond with making oxygen as
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.
(c)
Interpretation: The synthetic route for the transformation of given molecules should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Reagents: Chemical substances used in the process of chemical reactions.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.
Grignard Reagent: It is generally used in alkylation of aldehydes and ketones. It converts carbonyl to carbon-oxygen single bond with making oxygen as
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.
(d)
Interpretation: The synthetic route for the transformation of given molecules should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Reagents: Chemical substances used in the process of chemical reactions.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.
Grignard Reagent: It is generally used in alkylation of aldehydes and ketones. It converts carbonyl to carbon-oxygen single bond with making oxygen as
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.
(e)
Interpretation: The synthetic route for the transformation of given molecules should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Reagents: Chemical substances used in the process of chemical reactions.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.
Grignard Reagent: It is generally used in alkylation of aldehydes and ketones. It converts carbonyl to carbon-oxygen single bond with making oxygen as
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.
(f)
Interpretation: The synthetic route for the transformation of given molecules should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Reagents: Chemical substances used in the process of chemical reactions.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.
Grignard Reagent: It is generally used in alkylation of aldehydes and ketones. It converts carbonyl to carbon-oxygen single bond with making oxygen as
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-STUD.SOLNS.MAN+SG
- How many chiral centers are there in the following molecule? HO 0 1 ○ 2 ♡ 4 'N'arrow_forwardThe following chemical structure represents a molecule of what molecular formula?arrow_forwardWhich region(s) of the following phospholipid is/are hydrophobic? RO I hydro-water phobic-dislikes = Hydrophobic dislikes water ○ I only Il only I and III only II and IV only O II, III, and IV only III || IVarrow_forward
- Given the following data, determine the order of the reaction with respect to H2. H2(g) + 21Cl(g) → I2(g) + 2HCl(g) Experiment [H2] (torr) [ICI] (torr) Rate (M/s) 1 250 325 0.266 2 250 81 0.0665 3 50 325 0.266arrow_forwardWhich one of the following molecules is chiral? H- NH₂ H3C དང་།་ OH H HO H₂N HO- -H CHO -OH H HO- OH H- -H CH₂OH OHarrow_forwardThe structure of an unsaturated phospholipid is shown below. Which region of the molecule is most hydrophilic ? H₂N-CH₂ H₂C IV CH3 CH3 hydro-water philic-likes = Hydrophilic likes water ○ IV All regions are equally hydrophilic. IIIarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





