The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined. Concept introduction: The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12.4, Problem 13ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12.4, Problem 13ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12.4, Problem 13ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12.4, Problem 13ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12.4, Problem 13ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.

Answer 6

Chapter 12.4, Problem 13ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

Answer 7

Chapter 12.4, Problem 13ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3LTS Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 10PTS Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 11ATS

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined. Concept introduction: The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of the conversion of ketone to alcohol in two steps.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

Interpretation:

The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined. Concept introduction: The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of the conversion of ketone to alcohol in two steps.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined. Concept introduction: The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

Interpretation: The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined. Concept introduction: The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the conversion of the ketone to alcohol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the ketone to alcohol is a reduction process. It is a process in which the oxidation state of the atom decreases because of the addition of electrons.

Interpretation:

The preference of the attack of hydride ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The hydride ion can either attack from the top face or bottom face of the ring. This is determined based on steric hindrance which determines the stability of the compound.