The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified. Concept introduction: Bromination: Alcohols brominated by using Pbr 3 which provides corresponding brominated products. Chlorination: Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products. E 1 Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination. Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde. Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid . Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base. Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide. 9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH 4 which provides alcohol. Lindlar catalyst : it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes . Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule. Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base. Kucherov Reaction: Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 65IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(n)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(o)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(p)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(q)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(r)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(s)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

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#1. Retro-Electrochemical Reaction: A ring has been made, but the light is causing the molecule to un- cyclize. Undo the ring into all possible molecules. (2pts, no partial credit) hv

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 65IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(n)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(o)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(p)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(q)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(r)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(s)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

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Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 65IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(n)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(o)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(p)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(q)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(r)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(s)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

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Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 65IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(n)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(o)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(p)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(q)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(r)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(s)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 65IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(n)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(o)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(p)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(q)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(r)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(s)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 65IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 65IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 22

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 23

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 24

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 25

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 26

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 27

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 28

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 29

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 30

(m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 31

(m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 32

(n)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 33

(n)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 34

(o)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 35

(o)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 36

(p)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 37

(p)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 38

(q)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 39

(q)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 40

(r)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 41

(r)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 42

(s)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 43

(s)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

Answer 44

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 45

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 46

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Answer 47

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3LTS Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 10PTS Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 11ATS

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Chapter 12 Solutions