Chapter 12, Problem 65IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

 (b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

 (e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

 (f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

 (l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

 (m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

 (n)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(o)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

 (p)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(q)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(r)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.

(s)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given product transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using Pbr₃ which provides corresponding brominated products.

Chlorination:

Alcohols chlorinated by using thionyl chloride and pyridine which provides corresponding chlorinated products.

E₁ Elimination: Formation of alkene from alkyl bromide or alcohol through the formation of stable carbocation followed by elimination.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Alcohols treated with any metals or base which provides alkoxide.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base.

Kucherov Reaction:

Acetylene compounds Undergoes hydration with water which provides carbonyl compounds.