The major product for the given reaction should be identified. Concept introduction: Bromination: Alcohols brominated by using PBr 3 which provides corresponding brominated products. Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde. Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid . 9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH 4 which provides alcohol. Lindlar catalyst : it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes . Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule. Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 22

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 23

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 24

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 25

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 26

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 27

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

Alcohols brominated by using PBr3 which provides corresponding brominated products.

Oxidation: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like Na₂Cr₂O₇ which provides aldehyde or carboxylic acid.

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Lindlar catalyst: it is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate. Lindlar catalyst is used for the hydrogenation process of alkynes to alkenes.

Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base, which used for the abstraction of acidic hydrogen from the molecule.

Alcohols is protected by using variety of reaction for example, Alcohols can be protected by treating with tosyl chloride in presence of base. Similarly it can be protected by using TMSCl in presence of base

Answer 28

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 29

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 30

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Answer 31

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3LTS Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 10PTS Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 11ATS

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Chapter 12 Solutions