It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced. Concept introduction: Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen. If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 10PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 10PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 10PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 10PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12.4, Problem 10PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 6

Chapter 12.4, Problem 10PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 7

Chapter 12.4, Problem 10PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be determined whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to determine whether the starting material or the reactant is being oxidized or reduced.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the process in which there is an increase in the oxidation state of the atom that occurs due to the removal of electrons. In this process, there is a removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.

If there is a decrease in the oxidation state of the compound, the process is known as reduction. It is the opposite of oxidation.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3LTS Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 10PTS Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 11ATS

Solution Summary: The author explains the oxidation state of carbonyl carbon, which is determined by determining the number of electrons in valence shell.

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Chapter 12 Solutions