Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12.10, Problem 1MQ
- How has Caldicellulosiruptor been modified to produce ethanol directly from switchgrass?
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What are the conditions necessary for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by Rhizobium? What is their
role in nitrogen fixation?
Which of the following explains why pea plants in high soil nitrogen conditions have
so few rhizobial nodules on their roots?
When there is already high soil nitrogen there is a very large cost to having
rhizobial nodules.
The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules fix nitrogen when there isn't enough in the
soil, so when there is already high soil nitrogen there is no advantage for the pea
plant to expend the extra energy housing the rhizobia.
The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules use nitrogen when there isn't enough in the
soil, so in conditions of high soil nitrogen the plant tries to exclude the rhizobia
to keep the nitrogen for itself.
When there is already high soil nitrogen there is no benefit to the plant to
having rhizobial nodules, which can rob the plant of the high nitrogen supplies
so that the rhizobia bacteria do not have to fix the nitrogen themselves.
The figure attached shows an open stoma during a gaseous exchange process in a plant.
A) What is 'y'?
B) Elaborate the gaseous exchange process in plants by considering the influence of 'y' on the turgidity of guard cells.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - Why is a primer needed at each end of the DNA...Ch. 12.1 - How does RT-PCR differ from traditional PCR?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.1 - Describe the basic principles of gene...Ch. 12.2 - What is the purpose of molecular cloning?Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.3 - How can the bacteriophage T7 promoter be used to...Ch. 12.3 - What major advantage does cloning mammalian genes...
Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.4 - How can site-directed mutagenesis be useful to...Ch. 12.4 - What is used to alter more than a few base pairs...Ch. 12.4 - What are knockout mutations?Ch. 12.4 - What does site-directed mutagenesis allow you to...Ch. 12.5 - What is a reporter gene? The product of which...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.5 - Describe two widely used reporter genes.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.7 - Give an example of a genetically modified plant...Ch. 12.7 - How have transgenic salmon been engineered to...Ch. 12.7 - What is the Ti plasmid and how has it been of use...Ch. 12.8 - Explain why recombinant vaccines might be safer...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.8 - What is a subunit vaccine and why are subunit...Ch. 12.9 - Explain why metagenomic cloning gives large...Ch. 12.9 - What types of environments are often sampled to...Ch. 12.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.9 - How has metagenomics been used to find novel...Ch. 12.10 - How has Caldicellulosiruptor been modified to...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.10 - What has been the limiting factor in engineering...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.11 - What are biobricks?Ch. 12.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.11 - How was Escherichia coli modified to produce a...Ch. 12.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.12 - How is recombinant DNA inserted into a genome...Ch. 12.12 - How has the CRISPR editing technology been applied...Ch. 12.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.13 - How can a tRNA be engineered to encode for a...Ch. 12.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.13 - What are some mechanisms for controlling a...Ch. 12 - Suppose you have just determined the DNA base...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AQCh. 12 - Prob. 3AQCh. 12 - Describe how you could recode Escherichia coli to...
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- The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualisticRhizobium strain probably depends on(A) each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus.(B) each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase thatworks only in the appropriate legume host.(C) each legume being found where the soil has only theRhizobium specific to that legume.(D) specific recognition between chemical signals and signalreceptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species.arrow_forwardWhy does Syntrophomonas need a partner organism in orderto ferment fatty acids or alcohols?arrow_forwardIf a species of Agrobacterium had a mutation in the virG gene that prevents VirG from becoming phosphorylated, would crown gall formation occur?arrow_forward
- TRUE OR FALSE Rice varieties with erectophile leaves are more susceptible to photo respiration compared to those with planophile leaves.arrow_forwardName the source from which Calyptra is derived.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct about nodule formation by Rhizobium species? P. Nodule formation requires participation of both plant's nodulin genes and rhizobial nodulation genes Q. Nod factors synthesized by nodulation genes are lipochitin oligosaccharides R. Infection thread forms during nodule formation is an internal tubular extension of the plasma membrane that is produced by the fusion of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles S. Nodule formation in non-leguminous plants is mainly mediated by Rhizobium species P and Q P. R and S F1 P, Q and R P, Q, R and Sarrow_forward
- TRUE OR FALSE Rice varieties with erectophile leaves are more susceptible to photorespiration compared to those with planophile leaves.arrow_forwardWhy are cynobateria used in agricultural fields of crop improvement?arrow_forwardA mature amoebae cyst that has four ring-like nuclei could be a) Entamoeba histolytica b) Entamoeba coli c) Entamoeba dispar d) Entamoeba gingivalisarrow_forward
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