Chapter 12, Problem 89AE

The creation of shells by mollusk species is a fascinating process. By utilizing the Ca²⁺ in their food and aqueous environment, as well as some complex equilibrium processes, a hard calcium carbonate shell can be produced. One important equilibrium reaction in this complex process is

${\text{HCO}}_3{}^{-}\left(aq\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{CO}}_3{}^{2-}\left(aq\right)K=5.6\times {10}^{-11}$

If 0.16 mole of HCO₃⁻ is placed into 1.00 L of solution, what will be the equilibrium concentration of CO₃²⁻?