Chapter 12, Problem 52IP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lower $\text{pKa}$ value of the given nitro phenols should be identified.

Concept introduction:

The $\text{pKa}$ is defined as the pH at which a compound exists as 50% ionized and 50% non-ionized.

$\text{pKa = - log Ka}$

${\text{pH = - log H}}^{\text{+}}$

Generally, alcohols are very weak acids, the hydroxyl proton is the most electrophilic site which can be removed by using base.

The inductive effect: It is the permanent dipole in a chemical bond when the effect of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule. Acidities of aliphatic alcohols in aqueous solution is depends on the differences in structure and solvation effect.