(a) Interpretation: The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion. Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases. Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Question

In an experiment, in which the concentrations of Lead and Copper are determined using AAS, I have a few questions about the LOQ and LOD. What is the LOQ and LOD? How do they influence each other? And what is the reason for having low LOD and LOQ values? Could you elaborate on that...

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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In an experiment, in which the concentrations of Lead and Copper are determined using AAS, I have a few questions about the LOQ and LOD. What is the LOQ and LOD? How do they influence each other? And what is the reason for having low LOD and LOQ values? Could you elaborate on that...

7. Explain the following statements: HCIO3 is a stronger acid than HBRO3 b. A Ca(OH)2 solution will give a higher pH compared to a KOH solution at the same concentration and temperature. (Assume both substances are completely dissolved). a.

4. Write a dissociation equation for the following: a) CaCl b) Al-(SO.)x0).

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted. Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds.

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Chapter 12 Solutions