Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 19QAP

Which brand in each of the following pairs has the greater ionic character?

msp;  a .  Na F or Na I                           b .  Li Cl or Cs Cl c .  Ca S or C 0                                   d .  Mg N or Mg P

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among the given pair of bonds, the bond that possesses the greater ionic character is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The ability that is possessed by an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity. The electronegativity decreases while going down the group and increases while moving left to right in the period.

In ionic compounds, the bonding is formed by the complete transfer of the electrons between the atoms to achieve the stable electron configuration like the noble gases. The higher electronegativity difference between two atoms of a compound corresponds to the greater ionic character of the compound.

Answer to Problem 19QAP

Among the given pair of bonds, the bond that possesses the greater ionic character is NaF.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of bonds is NaF and NaI.

The electronegativity value of sodium is 0.9.

The electronegativity value of fluorine is 4.0.

The electronegativity value of iodine is 2.5.

The difference in the electronegativity values for NaF bond is,

Differenceinelectronegativity for NaF bond=4.00.9=3.1

The difference in the electronegativity values for NaI bond is,

Differenceinelectronegativity for NaI bond=2.50.9=1.6

The difference in the electronegativity values for NaF bond is 3.1 and for NaI bond is 1.6.

Thus, the difference in the electronegativity values for NaF bond is higher than the difference in the electronegativity values for NaI bond. Hence, NaF bond possesses the greater ionic character than NaI bond.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Among the given pair of bonds, the bond that possesses the greater ionic character is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The ability that is possessed by an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity. The electronegativity decreases while going down the group and increases while moving left to right in the period.

In ionic compounds, the bonding is formed by the complete transfer of the electrons between the atoms to achieve the stable electron configuration like the noble gases. The higher electronegativity difference between two atoms of a compound corresponds to the greater ionic character of the compound.

Answer to Problem 19QAP

Among the given pair of bonds, the bond that possesses the greater ionic character is CaO.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of bonds is CaS and CaO.

The electronegativity value of calcium is 1.0.

The electronegativity value of sulfur is 2.5.

The electronegativity value of oxygen is 3.5.

The difference in the electronegativity values for CaS bond is,

Differenceinelectronegativity for CaS bond=2.51.0=1.5

The difference in the electronegativity values for CaO bond is,

Differenceinelectronegativity for CaO bond=3.51.0=2.5

The difference in the electronegativity values for CaO bond is 2.5 and for CaS bond is 1.5.

Thus, the difference in the electronegativity values for CaO bond is higher than the difference in the electronegativity values for CaS bond. Hence, CaO bond possesses the greater ionic character than CaS bond.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Among the given pair of bonds, the bond that possesses the greater ionic character is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The ability that is possessed by an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity. The electronegativity decreases while going down the group and increases while moving left to right in the period.

In ionic compounds, the bonding is formed by the complete transfer of the electrons between the atoms to achieve the stable electron configuration like the noble gases. The higher electronegativity difference between two atoms of a compound corresponds to the greater ionic character of the compound.

Answer to Problem 19QAP

Among the given pair of bonds, the bond that possesses the greater ionic character is CsCl.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of bonds is LiCl and CsCl.

The electronegativity value of chlorine is 3.0.

The electronegativity value of lithium is 1.0.

The electronegativity value of cesium is 0.7.

The difference in the electronegativity values for LiCl bond is,

Differenceinelectronegativity for LiCl bond=3.01.0=2.0

The difference in the electronegativity values for CsCl bond is,

Differenceinelectronegativity for CsCl bond=3.00.7=2.3

The difference in the electronegativity values for LiCl bond is 2.0 and for CsCl bond is 2.3.

Thus, the difference in the electronegativity values for CsCl bond is higher than the difference in the electronegativity values for LiCl bond. Hence, CsCl bond possesses the greater ionic character than LiCl bond.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Among the given pair of bonds, the bond that possesses the greater ionic character is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The ability that is possessed by an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity. The electronegativity decreases while going down the group and increases while moving left to right in the period.

In ionic compounds, the bonding is formed by the complete transfer of the electrons between the atoms to achieve the stable electron configuration like the noble gases. The higher electronegativity difference between two atoms of a compound corresponds to the greater ionic character of the compound.

Answer to Problem 19QAP

Among the given pair of bonds, the bond that possesses the greater ionic character is MgN.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of bonds is MgN and MgP.

The electronegativity value of magnesium is 1.2.

The electronegativity value of nitrogen is 3.0.

The electronegativity value of phosphorus is 2.1.

The difference in the electronegativity values for MgN bond is,

Differenceinelectronegativity for MgN bond=3.01.2=1.8

The difference in the electronegativity values for MgP bond is,

Differenceinelectronegativity for MgP bond=2.11.2=0.9

The difference in the electronegativity values for MgN bond is 1.8 and for MgP bond is 0.9.

Thus, the difference in the electronegativity values for MgN bond is higher than the difference in the electronegativity values for MgP bond. Hence, MgN bond possesses the greater ionic character than MgP bond.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

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Give...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 12 - What factor determines the relative level of...Ch. 12 - In each of the following groups, which element is...Ch. 12 - In each of the following groups. which element is...Ch. 12 - On the basis. of the electronegativity values...Ch. 12 - On the basis of the electronegativity values given...Ch. 12 - Which of the following molecules contain polar...Ch. 12 - Which of the following molecules contain polar...Ch. 12 - On the basis of the electronegativity values given...Ch. 12 - On the basis of the electronegativity values given...Ch. 12 - Which brand in each of the following pairs has the...Ch. 12 - Which hand in each of the following pairs has less...Ch. 12 - What is a dipole moment? 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Are the molecules in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3CRCh. 12 - Prob. 4CRCh. 12 - Prob. 5CRCh. 12 - hat is the enthalpy change for a process? Is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7CRCh. 12 - Prob. 8CRCh. 12 - Prob. 9CRCh. 12 - What is a driving force? Name two common and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CRCh. 12 - Methane, CH4, is the major component of natural...Ch. 12 - What is electronegative radiation? Give some...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14CRCh. 12 - Do atoms in excited states emit radiation...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16CRCh. 12 - Schrodinger and de Broglie suggested a...Ch. 12 - Describe the general characteristics of the first...Ch. 12 - Prob. 19CRCh. 12 - Describe the sublevels and orbitals that...Ch. 12 - Describe electron spin. How does electron spin...Ch. 12 - Prob. 22CRCh. 12 - List the order in which the orbitals are filled as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24CRCh. 12 - Prob. 25CRCh. 12 - Prob. 26CRCh. 12 - What are the representative elements? 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