(a) Interpretation: The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated. Concept Introduction: Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases. Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 106AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed from ions are known as ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

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In the video, we looked at the absorbance of a certain substance and how it varies depending on what wavelength of light we are looking at. Below is a similar scan of a different substance. What color BEST describes how this substance will appear? Absorbance (AU) Violet Blue Green Orange 1.2 1.0- 0.8- 0.6- 0.4- 0.2 0.0 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm) violet indigo blue green yellow orange red Red O Cannot tell from this information In the above graph, what causes -450 nm wavelength of light to have a higher absorbance than light with a -550 nm wavelength? Check all that are true. The distance the light travels is different The different data points are for different substances The concentration is different at different times in the experiment Epsilon (molar absortivity) is different at different wavelengths

5. a. Data were collected for Trial 1 to determine the molar mass of a nonvolatile solid solute when dissolved in cyclo- hexane. Complete the table for the analysis (See Report Sheet). Record calculated values with the correct number of significant figures. B. Freezing Point of Cyclohexane plus Calculation Zone Unknown Solute 2. Mass of cyclohexane (g) 10.14 Part C.4 3. Mass of added solute (g) 0.255 C. Calculations 1. k; for cyclohexane (°C⚫ kg/mol) 20.0 2. Freezing point change, AT, (°C) 3.04 Part C.6 3. Mass of cyclohexane in solution (kg) 4. Moles of solute, total (mol) Show calculation. 5. Mass of solute in solution, total (g) 6. Molar mass of solute (g/mol) Show calculation.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 106AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed from ions are known as ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 106AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed from ions are known as ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 106AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed from ions are known as ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 106AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed from ions are known as ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 106AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 106AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed from ions are known as ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed from ions are known as ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The species that is larger between the given pair is to be predicted and explanation for the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have lesser number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electrons increases, the force of attraction between protons and electrons, decreases, and the size increases.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the species that is smaller between the given pair is to be predicted and an explanation for the correct choice in terms of electron structure.

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Chapter 12 Solutions