Mike was referred for genetic counseling because he was concerned about his extensive family history of colon cancer. That family history was highly suggestive of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). This predisposition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and those who carry the mutant allele have a 75% chance of developing colon cancer by age 65. Mike was counseled about the inheritance of this condition, the associated cancers, and the possibility of genetic testing (on an affected family member). Mike’s aunt elected to be tested for one of the genes that may be altered in this condition and discovered that she did have an altered MSH2 gene. Other family members are in the process of being tested for this mutation. Seventy-five percent of people who carry the mutant allele will get colon cancer by age 65. This is an example of incomplete penetrance. What could cause this?

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1CS

Mike was referred for genetic counseling because he was concerned about his extensive family history of colon cancer. That family history was highly suggestive of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). This predisposition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and those who carry the mutant allele have a 75% chance of developing colon cancer by age 65. Mike was counseled about the inheritance of this condition, the associated cancers, and the possibility of genetic testing (on an affected family member). Mike’s aunt elected to be tested for one of the genes that may be altered in this condition and discovered that she did have an altered MSH2 gene. Other family members are in the process of being tested for this mutation.

Seventy-five percent of people who carry the mutant allele will get colon cancer by age 65. This is an example of incomplete penetrance. What could cause this?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss: The cause of incomplete penetrance in case of colon cancer.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as a group of diseases, which involve abnormal growth of cells, and these cells have the ability to spread and invade other regions of the body. Colon cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells of the large intestine specifically colon which is the end region of the large intestine. Most colon cancers are benign but in some cases, it can be malignant as well. The cancer property is shown by adenomatous polyps that are cancerous tumors present in the large intestine.

In the given case, Mr. M has a family history of nonpolyposis colon cancer. About 75% of the population inheriting the mutant allele expresses it and the gene mutation responsible for the colon cancer is present on the MSH2 gene.

Explanation of Solution

Penetrance is the term used for describing the percentage of the population that expresses symptoms of the inherited allele. In the given case study, the penetrance is an example of incomplete penetrance. This is because, 75% of the population expresses the inherited allele for colon cancer. In complete inheritance, 100% of the population expresses the inherited allele. The mutation in the MSH2 requires certain trigger factors to turn normal cells into cancerous cells. Some people do not experience this type of cancer even after the presence of the mutated gene because of the choice of a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes low consumption of preservatives or any other mutagens; as a result, the rate of mutation becomes low.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Normal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO2 level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO2 triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?

foraging/diet type teeth tongue stomach intestines cecum Insectivory numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew -- simple short mostly lacking Myrmecophagy absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater extremely long simple, often roughened short small or lacking Terrestrial carnivory sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog -- simple short small Aquatic carnivory homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin -- simple or multichambered (cetaceans only) variable small or absent Sanguinivory very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat grooved tubular, highly extensible long small or lacking Herbivory (except nectivores) incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver -- simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants) long large Filter feeding none…

3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 པར『ན་ cm 30 Species B 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 cm 10 Species C 0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3 020

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1CS

Mike was referred for genetic counseling because he was concerned about his extensive family history of colon cancer. That family history was highly suggestive of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). This predisposition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and those who carry the mutant allele have a 75% chance of developing colon cancer by age 65. Mike was counseled about the inheritance of this condition, the associated cancers, and the possibility of genetic testing (on an affected family member). Mike’s aunt elected to be tested for one of the genes that may be altered in this condition and discovered that she did have an altered MSH2 gene. Other family members are in the process of being tested for this mutation.

Seventy-five percent of people who carry the mutant allele will get colon cancer by age 65. This is an example of incomplete penetrance. What could cause this?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss: The cause of incomplete penetrance in case of colon cancer.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as a group of diseases, which involve abnormal growth of cells, and these cells have the ability to spread and invade other regions of the body. Colon cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells of the large intestine specifically colon which is the end region of the large intestine. Most colon cancers are benign but in some cases, it can be malignant as well. The cancer property is shown by adenomatous polyps that are cancerous tumors present in the large intestine.

In the given case, Mr. M has a family history of nonpolyposis colon cancer. About 75% of the population inheriting the mutant allele expresses it and the gene mutation responsible for the colon cancer is present on the MSH2 gene.

Explanation of Solution

Penetrance is the term used for describing the percentage of the population that expresses symptoms of the inherited allele. In the given case study, the penetrance is an example of incomplete penetrance. This is because, 75% of the population expresses the inherited allele for colon cancer. In complete inheritance, 100% of the population expresses the inherited allele. The mutation in the MSH2 requires certain trigger factors to turn normal cells into cancerous cells. Some people do not experience this type of cancer even after the presence of the mutated gene because of the choice of a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes low consumption of preservatives or any other mutagens; as a result, the rate of mutation becomes low.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1CS

Mike was referred for genetic counseling because he was concerned about his extensive family history of colon cancer. That family history was highly suggestive of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). This predisposition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and those who carry the mutant allele have a 75% chance of developing colon cancer by age 65. Mike was counseled about the inheritance of this condition, the associated cancers, and the possibility of genetic testing (on an affected family member). Mike’s aunt elected to be tested for one of the genes that may be altered in this condition and discovered that she did have an altered MSH2 gene. Other family members are in the process of being tested for this mutation.

Seventy-five percent of people who carry the mutant allele will get colon cancer by age 65. This is an example of incomplete penetrance. What could cause this?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss: The cause of incomplete penetrance in case of colon cancer.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as a group of diseases, which involve abnormal growth of cells, and these cells have the ability to spread and invade other regions of the body. Colon cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells of the large intestine specifically colon which is the end region of the large intestine. Most colon cancers are benign but in some cases, it can be malignant as well. The cancer property is shown by adenomatous polyps that are cancerous tumors present in the large intestine.

In the given case, Mr. M has a family history of nonpolyposis colon cancer. About 75% of the population inheriting the mutant allele expresses it and the gene mutation responsible for the colon cancer is present on the MSH2 gene.

Explanation of Solution

Penetrance is the term used for describing the percentage of the population that expresses symptoms of the inherited allele. In the given case study, the penetrance is an example of incomplete penetrance. This is because, 75% of the population expresses the inherited allele for colon cancer. In complete inheritance, 100% of the population expresses the inherited allele. The mutation in the MSH2 requires certain trigger factors to turn normal cells into cancerous cells. Some people do not experience this type of cancer even after the presence of the mutated gene because of the choice of a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes low consumption of preservatives or any other mutagens; as a result, the rate of mutation becomes low.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1CS

Mike was referred for genetic counseling because he was concerned about his extensive family history of colon cancer. That family history was highly suggestive of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). This predisposition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and those who carry the mutant allele have a 75% chance of developing colon cancer by age 65. Mike was counseled about the inheritance of this condition, the associated cancers, and the possibility of genetic testing (on an affected family member). Mike’s aunt elected to be tested for one of the genes that may be altered in this condition and discovered that she did have an altered MSH2 gene. Other family members are in the process of being tested for this mutation.

Seventy-five percent of people who carry the mutant allele will get colon cancer by age 65. This is an example of incomplete penetrance. What could cause this?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss: The cause of incomplete penetrance in case of colon cancer.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as a group of diseases, which involve abnormal growth of cells, and these cells have the ability to spread and invade other regions of the body. Colon cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells of the large intestine specifically colon which is the end region of the large intestine. Most colon cancers are benign but in some cases, it can be malignant as well. The cancer property is shown by adenomatous polyps that are cancerous tumors present in the large intestine.

In the given case, Mr. M has a family history of nonpolyposis colon cancer. About 75% of the population inheriting the mutant allele expresses it and the gene mutation responsible for the colon cancer is present on the MSH2 gene.

Explanation of Solution

Penetrance is the term used for describing the percentage of the population that expresses symptoms of the inherited allele. In the given case study, the penetrance is an example of incomplete penetrance. This is because, 75% of the population expresses the inherited allele for colon cancer. In complete inheritance, 100% of the population expresses the inherited allele. The mutation in the MSH2 requires certain trigger factors to turn normal cells into cancerous cells. Some people do not experience this type of cancer even after the presence of the mutated gene because of the choice of a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes low consumption of preservatives or any other mutagens; as a result, the rate of mutation becomes low.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss: The cause of incomplete penetrance in case of colon cancer.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as a group of diseases, which involve abnormal growth of cells, and these cells have the ability to spread and invade other regions of the body. Colon cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells of the large intestine specifically colon which is the end region of the large intestine. Most colon cancers are benign but in some cases, it can be malignant as well. The cancer property is shown by adenomatous polyps that are cancerous tumors present in the large intestine.

In the given case, Mr. M has a family history of nonpolyposis colon cancer. About 75% of the population inheriting the mutant allele expresses it and the gene mutation responsible for the colon cancer is present on the MSH2 gene.

Explanation of Solution

Penetrance is the term used for describing the percentage of the population that expresses symptoms of the inherited allele. In the given case study, the penetrance is an example of incomplete penetrance. This is because, 75% of the population expresses the inherited allele for colon cancer. In complete inheritance, 100% of the population expresses the inherited allele. The mutation in the MSH2 requires certain trigger factors to turn normal cells into cancerous cells. Some people do not experience this type of cancer even after the presence of the mutated gene because of the choice of a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes low consumption of preservatives or any other mutagens; as a result, the rate of mutation becomes low.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To discuss: The cause of incomplete penetrance in case of colon cancer.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as a group of diseases, which involve abnormal growth of cells, and these cells have the ability to spread and invade other regions of the body. Colon cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells of the large intestine specifically colon which is the end region of the large intestine. Most colon cancers are benign but in some cases, it can be malignant as well. The cancer property is shown by adenomatous polyps that are cancerous tumors present in the large intestine.

In the given case, Mr. M has a family history of nonpolyposis colon cancer. About 75% of the population inheriting the mutant allele expresses it and the gene mutation responsible for the colon cancer is present on the MSH2 gene.

Explanation of Solution

Penetrance is the term used for describing the percentage of the population that expresses symptoms of the inherited allele. In the given case study, the penetrance is an example of incomplete penetrance. This is because, 75% of the population expresses the inherited allele for colon cancer. In complete inheritance, 100% of the population expresses the inherited allele. The mutation in the MSH2 requires certain trigger factors to turn normal cells into cancerous cells. Some people do not experience this type of cancer even after the presence of the mutated gene because of the choice of a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes low consumption of preservatives or any other mutagens; as a result, the rate of mutation becomes low.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To discuss: The cause of incomplete penetrance in case of colon cancer.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as a group of diseases, which involve abnormal growth of cells, and these cells have the ability to spread and invade other regions of the body. Colon cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells of the large intestine specifically colon which is the end region of the large intestine. Most colon cancers are benign but in some cases, it can be malignant as well. The cancer property is shown by adenomatous polyps that are cancerous tumors present in the large intestine.

In the given case, Mr. M has a family history of nonpolyposis colon cancer. About 75% of the population inheriting the mutant allele expresses it and the gene mutation responsible for the colon cancer is present on the MSH2 gene.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Penetrance is the term used for describing the percentage of the population that expresses symptoms of the inherited allele. In the given case study, the penetrance is an example of incomplete penetrance. This is because, 75% of the population expresses the inherited allele for colon cancer. In complete inheritance, 100% of the population expresses the inherited allele. The mutation in the MSH2 requires certain trigger factors to turn normal cells into cancerous cells. Some people do not experience this type of cancer even after the presence of the mutated gene because of the choice of a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes low consumption of preservatives or any other mutagens; as a result, the rate of mutation becomes low.

Answer 13

Ch. 12.10 - If improved diagnostic tests are developed from...Ch. 12.10 - If you had cancer, would you donate tissue samples...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 1GR Ch. 12.10 - Another model, the random model, proposes that any...Ch. 12 - Mike was referred for genetic counseling because...Ch. 12 - Mike was referred for genetic counseling because...Ch. 12 - Mike was referred for genetic counseling because...Ch. 12 - Theodor Boveri predicted that malignancies would...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between a familial and a sporadic...Ch. 12 - Benign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do...

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 12 Solutions