A plot for cold-worked copper as shown in the given diagram is to be constructed for its 50 % recrystallization time as a function of its annealing temperature. Concept Introduction: A process by which grains which are deformed during solidification are replaced by new grains which are defect-free such that the new grains nucleate ad grow to entirely consume original grains is known as recrystallization. When a metal or an alloy is heated below its melting point to a specific temperature to make it softer and then holding that material at this temperature followed by its cooling at the suitable rate to decrease its hardness is known as annealing. The specific temperature to which the material is heated is known as annealing temperature.

Question

Figure 2 3) *** The circuit of Figure 3 is designed with W/L = 20/0.18, λ= 0, and ID = 0.25 mA. (Optional- 20 points) a) Compute the required gate bias voltage. b) With such a gate voltage, how much can W/L be increased while M1 remains in saturation? What is the maximum voltage gain that can be achieved as W/L increases? VDD = 1.8 V RD 2k - Vout Vin M₁ Figure 3

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Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.7P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A plot for cold-worked copper as shown in the given diagram is to be constructed for its 50% recrystallization time as a function of its annealing temperature.

Concept Introduction:

A process by which grains which are deformed during solidification are replaced by new grains which are defect-free such that the new grains nucleate ad grow to entirely consume original grains is known as recrystallization.

When a metal or an alloy is heated below its melting point to a specific temperature to make it softer and then holding that material at this temperature followed by its cooling at the suitable rate to decrease its hardness is known as annealing. The specific temperature to which the material is heated is known as annealing temperature.

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