The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula. Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism. If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group , but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule. Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain). Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms. When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.35EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures is different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

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6. The equilibrium constant for the reaction 2 HBr (g) → H2(g) + Br2(g) Can be expressed by the empirical formula 11790 K In K-6.375 + 0.6415 In(T K-¹) - T Use this formula to determine A,H as a function of temperature. Calculate A,-H at 25 °C and at 100 °C.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.35EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures is different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.35EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures is different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.35EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures is different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.35EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures is different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.35EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.35EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures is different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures is different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.

If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.

Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).

Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.

When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 1QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that organic compounds are represented by the molecular formula and structural formula.

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