Chapter 12, Problem 12.32P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of alkane with only 1° and 4° carbon atoms should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The molecule consists of long carbon chain in which all C atoms are bonded to other carbon atoms and also with H atoms. In alkanes, all carbon atoms are bonded with single covalent bonds. The general formula of alkane is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$. Hence, the value of 'n' is number of C atoms and 2n+2 represents the number of H atoms in any alkane molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of cycloalkane with only 2° carbon atoms should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which are mainly composed of C and H atoms with ring or cyclic structures. The molecule consists of at least one ring of carbon atoms in which all C atoms are bonded to other carbon atoms and with H atoms. In cycloalkanes, all carbon atoms are bonded with single covalent bonds. The general formula of cycloalkane is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$. Hence, the value of 'n' is number of C atoms and 2n represents the number of H atoms in any cycloalkane molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of alkane with ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{14}}$ molecular formula which contains a 4° carbon atom should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The molecule consists of long carbon chain in which all C atoms are bonded to other carbon atoms and with H atoms. In alkanes, all carbon atoms are bonded with single covalent bonds. The general formula of alkane is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$. Hence, the value of 'n' is number of C atoms and 2n+2 represents the number of H atoms in any alkane molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of cycloalkane with 2° and 3° carbon atoms should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which are mainly composed of C and H atoms with ring or cyclic structures. The molecule consists of at least one ring of carbon atoms in which all C atoms are bonded to other carbon atoms and with H atoms. In cycloalkanes, all carbon atoms are bonded with single covalent bonds. The general formula of cycloalkane is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$. Hence, the value of 'n' is number of C atoms and 2n represents the number of H atoms in any cycloalkane molecule.