Chapter 12, Problem 110E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Atoms with electron configurations $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^6$ , $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^1$ , $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^3$ should be identified and should be arranged based on least to greatest size.

Concept introduction:As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one moves along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms with configurations $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3s^{2}3p^5$ , $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^3$ , $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^3$ should be identified and should be arranged based on least to ionization energy.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.