
Interpretation:
Concept introduction:Alkali metals are those that belong to group 1 A. The atomic number in series of elements present is calculated by addition of numbers in regular manner. The numbers are 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, and 32.
The process by which electrons are distributed in molecular or atomic orbitals is termed as electronic configuration and is arranged in accordance to Aufbau principle. Hund’s rule of multiplicity states that electrons are filled singly in an orbital initially and then pairing occurs with different spin. Thus atomic orbital is filled in accordance to this rule.
The electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom are termed as valence electrons. In accordance to Aufbau principle electrons are filled in lower energy level and then to higher level. The electrons are arranged in order from higher energy level to lower level is as follows:
Electrons in orbitals are arranged as follows:

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Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
- Identify as SN1 or SN2 and write the mechanism.arrow_forwardComplete the reaction. Not the mechanism.arrow_forwardDraw the mechanism using the arrows on conventions, including all formal charges and correct arrows. If stereochemical distinction can be made they should be included in the structure of the products.arrow_forward
- Draw the epoxide formed when the following alkene is treated with mCPBA. Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. draw structure ...arrow_forwardRank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check CF3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) H (Choose one) (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacyarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density CF3 O donating O donating O electron-rich O withdrawing withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O electron-deficient O similar to benzene OCH3 Explanation Check O donating O donating ○ withdrawing withdrawing O no inductive effects no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene Х © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward
- The acid-base chemistry of both EDTA and EBT are important to ensuring that the reactions proceed as desired, thus the pH is controlled using a buffer. What percent of the EBT indicator will be in the desired HIn2- state at pH = 10.5. pKa1 = 6.2 and pKa2 = 11.6 of EBTarrow_forwardCUE COLUMN NOTES (A. Determine Stereoisomers it has ⑤ Identify any meso B compounds cl Br cl -c-c-c-c-¿- 1 CI C- | 2,4-Dichloro-3-bromopentanearrow_forwardThe acid-base chemistry of both EDTA and EBT are important to ensuring that the reactions proceed as desired, thus the pH is controlled using a buffer. What percent of the EBT indicator will be in the desired HIn2- state at pH = 10.5. pKa1 = 6.2 and pKa2 = 11.6 of EBTarrow_forward
- What does the phrase 'fit for purpose' mean in relation to analytical chemistry? Please provide examples too.arrow_forwardFor each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density × NO2 ○ donating O donating O withdrawing O withdrawing O electron-rich electron-deficient no inductive effects O no resonance effects O similar to benzene E [ CI O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Explanation Check ○ donating withdrawing no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Accesarrow_forwardUnderstanding how substituents activate Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation HN NH2 Check X (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Aarrow_forward
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