Chapter 12, Problem 104E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms $\text{Te}$ , $\text{S}$ , $\text{Se}$ should be arranged based on least to greatest first ionization energy.

Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms $\text{K}$ , $\text{Br}$ , $\text{Ni}$ should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms $\text{Ba}$ , $\text{Si}$ , $\text{F}$ should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms $\text{Rb}$ , $\text{Na}$ , $\text{Be}$ should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom $\text{Ne}$ , $\text{Se}$ , $\text{Sr}$ should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom $\text{Fe}$ , $\text{P}$ , $\text{O}$ should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.