Out of atoms H and He one with smaller radius should be identified. Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Question

A pdf file of your hand drawn, stepwise mechanisms for the reactions. For each reaction in the assignment, you must write each mechanism three times (there are 10 reactions, so 30 mechanisms). (A) do the work on a tablet and save as a pdf., it is expected to write each mechanism out and NOT copy and paste the mechanism after writing it just once. Everything should be drawn out stepwise and every bond that is formed and broken in the process of the reaction, and is expected to see all relevant lone pair electrons and curved arrows. Aldol: NaOH HO H Δ NaOH Δ

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 106E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms H and He one with smaller radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Cl , In and Se one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of elements with atomic numbers 120, 119, 117 one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Nb , Zn and Si one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Of atoms Na− , Na and Na+ one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

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A pdf file of your hand drawn, stepwise mechanisms for the reactions. For each reaction in the assignment, you must write each mechanism three times (there are 10 reactions, so 30 mechanisms). (A) do the work on a tablet and save as a pdf., it is expected to write each mechanism out and NOT copy and paste the mechanism after writing it just once. Everything should be drawn out stepwise and every bond that is formed and broken in the process of the reaction, and is expected to see all relevant lone pair electrons and curved arrows. Aldol: NaOH HO H Δ NaOH Δ

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Draw structures corresponding to the following names and give IUPAC names for the following compounds: (8 Point) a) b) c) CH3 CH2CH3 CH3CHCH2CH2CH CH3 C=C H3C H H2C=C=CHCH3 d) CI e) (3E,5Z)-2,6-Dimethyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene f) (Z)-4-bromo-3-methyl-3-penten-1-yne g) cis-1-Bromo-2-ethylcyclopentane h) (5R)-4,4,5-trichloro-3,3-dimethyldecane

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 106E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms H and He one with smaller radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Cl , In and Se one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of elements with atomic numbers 120, 119, 117 one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Nb , Zn and Si one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Of atoms Na− , Na and Na+ one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 106E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms H and He one with smaller radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Cl , In and Se one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of elements with atomic numbers 120, 119, 117 one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Nb , Zn and Si one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Of atoms Na− , Na and Na+ one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 106E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms H and He one with smaller radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Cl , In and Se one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of elements with atomic numbers 120, 119, 117 one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Nb , Zn and Si one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Of atoms Na− , Na and Na+ one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 106E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms H and He one with smaller radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Cl , In and Se one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of elements with atomic numbers 120, 119, 117 one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Nb , Zn and Si one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Of atoms Na− , Na and Na+ one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 106E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms H and He one with smaller radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 106E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms H and He one with smaller radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Cl , In and Se one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Cl , In and Se one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of elements with atomic numbers 120, 119, 117 one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of elements with atomic numbers 120, 119, 117 one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Nb , Zn and Si one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Out of atoms Nb , Zn and Si one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Of atoms Na− , Na and Na+ one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Of atoms Na− , Na and Na+ one with smallest radius should be identified.

Concept introduction: As one moves from top to bottom the shells expands and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period because of gradual increases in effective nuclear charge. This in turn increases influence of nucleus on valence electron and shrinks the radius along the horizontal row.

Answer 16

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Answer 27

Ch. 12 - Prob. 1DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 2DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 3DQ Ch. 12 - The first four ionization energies for elements X...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 6DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 7DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 8DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 9DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 10DQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that out of atoms, one with smallest radius should be identified. As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases, while it decreases as one move along the period.

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