Concept explainers
Videos
The antipsychotic drug flupentixol is prepared by the following scheme:
a)
The alkyl chloride, structure of D has to be identified and R and S configuration has to be assigned for the products.
Concept introduction:
R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.
The CIP rules are as follows:
Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.
If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.
Chiral: A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.
Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.
Achiral: A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.
Answer to Problem 81AP
The reaction is given below,
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The given reactant shown below,
The given compound (A) reacts with chloro propanol gives the compound (C).
The reaction is given below,
The alkyl chloride, structure of D is given and R and S configuration is assigned for the products.
b)
Interpretation:
The alkyl chloride, structure of D has to be identified and R and S configuration has to be assigned for the products.
Concept introduction:
R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.
The CIP rules are as follows:
Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.
If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.
Chiral: A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.
Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.
Achiral: A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.
Answer to Problem 81AP
The Grignard reagent is given below,
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The given reactant shown below,
The Grignard reagent is given below,
The compound (c) reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound, then it is reacting with magnesium gives the Grignard reagent (D).
The alkyl chloride, structure of D is given and R and S configuration is assigned for the products.
c)
Interpretation
The alkyl chloride, structure of D has to be identified and R and S configuration has to be assigned for the products.
Concept introduction:
R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.
The CIP rules are as follows:
Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.
If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.
Chiral: A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.
Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.
Achiral: A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.
Answer to Problem 81AP
The pair of enantiomers is given below,
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The given reactant shown below,
The pair of enantiomers is given below,
The compound (D) reaction with compound (E) gives enantiomer of corresponding products.
The alkyl chloride, structure of D is given and R and S configuration is assigned for the products.
d)
Interpretation:
The alkyl chloride, structure of D has to be identified and R and S configuration has to be assigned for the products.
Concept introduction:
R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.
The CIP rules are as follows:
Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.
If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.
Chiral: A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.
Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.
Achiral: A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.
Answer to Problem 81AP
The compound (F) undergoes hydrolysis reaction gives E and Z isomers of corresponding products.
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The given reactant shown below,
The compound (F) undergoes hydrolysis reaction gives E and Z isomers of corresponding products.
The alkyl chloride, structure of D is given and R and S configuration is assigned for the products.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 11 Solutions
OWLv2 with Student Solutions Manual eBook, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card for McMurry's Organic Chemistry, 9th
- Nonearrow_forwardNonearrow_forwardman Campus Depa (a) Draw the three products (constitutional isomers) obtained when 2-methyl-3-hexene reacts with water and a trace of H2SO4. Hint: one product forms as the result of a 1,2-hydride shift. (1.5 pts) This is the acid-catalyzed alkene hydration reaction.arrow_forward
- (6 pts - 2 pts each part) Although we focused our discussion on hydrogen light emission, all elements have distinctive emission spectra. Sodium (Na) is famous for its spectrum being dominated by two yellow emission lines at 589.0 and 589.6 nm, respectively. These lines result from electrons relaxing to the 3s subshell. a. What is the photon energy (in J) for one of these emission lines? Show your work. b. To what electronic transition in hydrogen is this photon energy closest to? Justify your answer-you shouldn't need to do numerical calculations. c. Consider the 3s subshell energy for Na - use 0 eV as the reference point for n=∞. What is the energy of the subshell that the electron relaxes from? Choose the same emission line that you did for part (a) and show your work.arrow_forwardNonearrow_forward(9 Pts) In one of the two Rare Earth element rows of the periodic table, identify an exception to the general ionization energy (IE) trend. For the two elements involved, answer the following questions. Be sure to cite sources for all physical data that you use. a. (2 pts) Identify the two elements and write their electronic configurations. b. (2 pts) Based on their configurations, propose a reason for the IE trend exception. c. (5 pts) Calculate effective nuclear charges for the last electron in each element and the Allred-Rochow electronegativity values for the two elements. Can any of these values explain the IE trend exception? Explain how (not) - include a description of how IE relates to electronegativity.arrow_forward
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning