9th Edition

ISBN: 9781266657610

Author: CENGEL

Publisher: MCG CUSTOM

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Chapter 1.11, Problem 41P

Explain why some people experience nose bleeding and some others experience shortness of breath at high elevations.

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Chapter 1.11, Problem 40P

Chapter 1.11, Problem 42P

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Some people experience nose bleeding and some others experience shortness of breath at high elevations. What are the reasons for this? Check All That Apply The pressure is lower at higher elevations. As a result, the difference between the blood pressure in the veins and the air pressure outside Increases. This pressure Imbalance may cause some thin-walled velns such as the ones in the nose to burst, causing bleeding. The shortness of breath is caused by the exhaustion of reaching high altitudes. The shortness of breath is caused by the lower r density at higher elevations and thus lower amount of oxygen per unit volume. Climbing high altitudes often involves trekking through rough terrain. Therefore, nose bleeding and shortness of breath occur due to fatigue.

One of the common procedures in fitness programs is to determine the fat-to-muscle ratio of the body. This is based on the principle that the muscle tissue is denser than the fat tissue, and, thus, the higher the average density of the body, the higher is the fraction of muscle tissue. The average density of the body can be determined by weighing the person in air and also while submerged in water in a tank. Treating all tissues and bones (other than fat) as muscle with an equivalent density of ?muscle, obtain a relation for the volume fraction of body fat xfat.

The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally continuous between the cranial and spinal cavities and exerts a pressure of 100 to 200 mm of H2O above the prevailing atmospheric pressure. In medical work, pressures are often measured in units of mm of H2O because body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, typically have nearly the same density as water. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid can be measured by means of a spinal tap. A hollow tube is inserted into the spinal column, and the height to which the fluid rises is observed, as shown in the figure below. If the fluid rises to a height of 150 mm, we write its gauge pressure as 150 mm H2O. A patient lies sideways while a surgeon tries to insert a hollow tube into his spinal cord. (a) Express this pressure in pascals, in atmospheres, and in millimeters of mercury. (The density of water is 1.00 ✕ 103 kg/m3, and the density of mercury is 13.6 ✕ 103 kg/m3.) pascals kPa…

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Explain why some people experience nose bleeding and some others experience shortness of breath at high elevations.

Solution Summary: The author explains that nose bleeding and shortness of breath are caused by lower air density, which means oxygen per unit volume is low.

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