Understandable Statistics: Concepts and Methods
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337119917
Author: Charles Henry Brase, Corrinne Pellillo Brase
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 1.1, Problem 9P
Ecology: Wetlands Government agencies carefully monitor water quality and its effect on wetlands (Reference: Environmental Protection Agency Wetland Report EPA 832-R-93-005). Of particular concern is the concentration of nitrogen in water draining from fertilized lands. Too much nitrogen can kill fish and wildlife. Twenty-eight samples of water were taken at random from a lake. The nitrogen concentration (milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water) was determined for each sample.
- (a) Identify the variable.
- (b) Is the variable quantitative or qualitative?
- (c) What is the implied population?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
MORTALITY RATE
Table 3.5 provides the number of deaths from all causes and from accidents (unintentional
injuries) by age group in the United States in 2002. Review the following rates. Determine what
to call each one, then calculate it using the data provided in Table.
1. Unintentional-injury-specific mortality rate for the entire population. Calculate cause-specific
mortality rate.
2. All-cause mortality rate for 25-34 years old. Calculate the age-specific mortality rate.
3. All-cause mortality among males. Calculate the sex-specific mortality rate.
4. Unintentional-injury specific mortality among 25 to 34 years old males. Calculate the is a
cause-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific mortality rate
Table 3.5 All-Cause and Unintentional Injury Mortality and Estimated Population by Age Group, For
Both Sexes and For Males Alone- United States, 2002
All Races, Both Sexes
All Races, Males
Age group
(years)
All
Causes
Unintentional
Estimated
All
Unintentional
Estimated
Injuries
Pop. (x…
Background: To prevent crashes caused by running red lights, many states are installing cameras at
dangerous intersections. These cameras are used to take photographs of the license plates of vehicles that
run a red light. The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) obtained data on the number of crashes
per year caused by running a red light at 13 intersections in Fairfax County, Virginia.
RED
LIGHT
PHOTO
ENFORCED
Source: Virginia Transportation Research Council, "Research Report: The Impact of Red Light Cameras
(Photo-Red Enforcement) on Crashes in Virginia", June 2007
Directions: Perform an appropriate significance test to determine whether or not the reduction in the
number of crashes was statistically significant.
1. Click on the Data button below to display the data. Copy the data into a statistical software package
and click the Data button a second time to hide it.
Data
Before
After
3.7
1.26
0.37
0.1
0.39
0
4.55
1.69
2.4
1.94
2.09
3.24
2.5
2.72
0.83
0.24
3.05
1.67
3.21…
Blood pressure: A blood pressure measurement consists of two numbers: the systolic pressure, which is the maximum pressure taken
when the heart is contracting, and the diastolic pressure, which is the minimum pressure taken at the beginning of the heartbeat. Blood
pressures were measured, in millimeters, for a sample of 7 adults. The following table presents the results. Do people with higher
diastolic pressure tend to have higher or lower systolic pressures?
Systolic Diastolic
133
91
134
87
112
75
115
83
107
71
113
77
110
74
Send data to Excel
The least-squares regression line y =b,+b,x=6.1772+0.6247x and E (x-x) = 735.4286 are known for these data. Use the
P-value method to test H:B, =0 versus H, :B, ± 0. Can you condlude that systolic blood pressure is useful in predicting diastolic
blood pressure? Use the a=0.01 level of significance.
Part: 0/4
Part i of 4
Compute the test statistic. Always roundt-score values to three decimals places.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Understandable Statistics: Concepts and Methods
Ch. 1.1 - Statistical Literacy In a statistical study what...Ch. 1.1 - Statistical Literacy Are data at the nominal level...Ch. 1.1 - Statistical Literacy What is the difference...Ch. 1.1 - Statistical Literacy For a set population, does a...Ch. 1.1 - Critical Thinking Numbers are often assigned to...Ch. 1.1 - Interpretation Lucy conducted a survey asking some...Ch. 1.1 - Marketing: Fast Food A national survey asked 1261...Ch. 1.1 - Advertising: Auto Mileage What is the average...Ch. 1.1 - Ecology: Wetlands Government agencies carefully...Ch. 1.1 - Archaeology: Ireland The archaeological site of...
Ch. 1.1 - Student Life: Levels of Measurement Categorize...Ch. 1.1 - Business: Levels of Measurement Categorize these...Ch. 1.1 - Fishing: Levels of Measurement Categorize these...Ch. 1.1 - Education: Teacher Evaluation If you were going to...Ch. 1.1 - Critical Thinking You are interested in the...Ch. 1.2 - Statistical Literacy Explain the difference...Ch. 1.2 - Statistical Literacy Explain the difference...Ch. 1.2 - Statistical Literacy Marcie conducted a study of...Ch. 1.2 - Statistical Literacy A random sample of students...Ch. 1.2 - Interpretation In a random sample of 50 students...Ch. 1.2 - Interpretation A campus performance series...Ch. 1.2 - Critical Thinking Greg took a random sample of...Ch. 1.2 - Critical Thinking Consider the students in your...Ch. 1.2 - Critical Thinking Suppose you are assigned the...Ch. 1.2 - Critical Thinking In each of the following...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling: Random Use a random-number table to...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 12PCh. 1.2 - Sampling: Random Use a random-number table to...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 14PCh. 1.2 - Computer Simulation: Roll of a Die A die is a cube...Ch. 1.2 - Education: Test Construction Professor Gill is...Ch. 1.2 - Education: Test Construction Professor Gill uses...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods: Benefits Package An important...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods: Health Care Modern Managed...Ch. 1.3 - Statistical Literacy A study of college graduates...Ch. 1.3 - Statistical Literacy Consider a completely...Ch. 1.3 - Critical Thinking A brief survey regarding...Ch. 1.3 - Critical Thinking A randomized block design was...Ch. 1.3 - Interpretation Zane is examining two studies...Ch. 1.3 - Interpretation Suppose you are looking at the 2006...Ch. 1.3 - Ecology: Gathering Data Which technique for...Ch. 1.3 - General: Gathering Data Which technique for...Ch. 1.3 - General: Completely Randomized Experiment How...Ch. 1.3 - Surveys: Manipulation The New York Times did a...Ch. 1.3 - Critical Thinking An agricultural study is...Ch. 1 - Critical Thinking Sudoku is a puzzle consisting of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2CRPCh. 1 - Statistical Literacy You are conducting a study of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4CRPCh. 1 - Prob. 5CRPCh. 1 - General: Type of Sampling Categorize the type of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7CRPCh. 1 - General: Experiment How would you use a completely...Ch. 1 - Prob. 11CRPCh. 1 - Prob. 2DHCh. 1 - Prob. 1LCCh. 1 - Discuss each of the following topics in class or...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1UTCh. 1 - Prob. 2UT
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Urban Travel Times Population of cities and driving times are related, as shown in the accompanying table, which shows the 1960 population N, in thousands, for several cities, together with the average time T, in minutes, sent by residents driving to work. City Population N Driving time T Los Angeles 6489 16.8 Pittsburgh 1804 12.6 Washington 1808 14.3 Hutchinson 38 6.1 Nashville 347 10.8 Tallahassee 48 7.3 An analysis of these data, along with data from 17 other cities in the United States and Canada, led to a power model of average driving time as a function of population. a Construct a power model of driving time in minutes as a function of population measured in thousands b Is average driving time in Pittsburgh more or less than would be expected from its population? c If you wish to move to a smaller city to reduce your average driving time to work by 25, how much smaller should the city be?arrow_forwardCholesterol Cholesterol in human blood is necessary, but too much can lead to health problems. There are three main types of cholesterol: HDL (high-density lipoproteins), LDL (low-density lipoproteins), and VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins). HDL is considered “good” cholesterol; LDL and VLDL are considered “bad” cholesterol. A standard fasting cholesterol blood test measures total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. These numbers are used to estimate LDL and VLDL, which are difficult to measure directly. Your doctor recommends that your combined LDL/VLDL cholesterol level be less than 130 milligrams per deciliter, your HDL cholesterol level be at least 60 milligrams per deciliter, and your total cholesterol level be no more than 200 milligrams per deciliter. (a) Write a system of linear inequalities for the recommended cholesterol levels. Let x represent the HDL cholesterol level, and let y represent the combined LDL VLDL cholesterol level. (b) Graph the system of inequalities from part (a). Label any vertices of the solution region. (c) Is the following set of cholesterol levels within the recommendations? Explain. LDL/VLDL: 120 milligrams per deciliter HDL: 90 milligrams per deciliter Total: 210 milligrams per deciliter (d) Give an example of cholesterol levels in which the LDL/VLDL cholesterol level is too high but the HDL cholesterol level is acceptable. (e) Another recommendation is that the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol be less than 4 (that is, less than 4 to 1). Identify a point in the solution region from part (b) that meets this recommendation, and explain why it meets the recommendation.arrow_forwardTruck pollution: In an experiment to determine the effect of ambient temperature on the emissons of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) of diesel trucks, 10trucks were run at temperatures of 40°F and 80°F. The emissions, in parts per billion, are presented in the following table. Truck 40°F 80°F 1 905.6 892.6 2 772.0 792.0 3 937.0 914.2 4 968.8 872.8 5 836.5 821.6 6 884.5 856.4 7 948.9 850.2 8 810.6 753.5 9 766.7 800.0 10 869.8 830.5 Let μ1 represent the mean emission at 40°F and =μd−μ1μ2. Can you conclude that the mean emission differs between the two temperatures? Use the =α0.01 level of significance and the TI-84 Plus calculator to answer the following.arrow_forward
- Life-saving drug: Penicillin is produced by the Penicillin fungus, which is grown in a broth whose sugar content must be carefully controlled. Several samples of broth were taken on three successive days, and the amount of dissolved sugars, in milligrams per milliliter, was measured on each sample. The results were as follows. Day 1: 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.3 Day 2: 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.0 4.9 5.3 Day 3: 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.3 4.8 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.5 Send data to Excel Part: 0/2 Part 1 of 2 (a) Construct an ANOVA table. Round your answers to four decimal places as needed. One-way ANOVA: Sugar Concentration Source DF MS F Days Error Totalarrow_forwardThe lifetime of a tool was investigated under three settings for feed rate and three settings for speed. Four tools were tested under each combination of settings. The results (in hours) were as follows. Feed Rate Speed Lifetime Light Light Light Slow 60.6 57.0 61.4 59.7 Medium 57.8 59.4 62.8 58.2 Fast 56.5 52.3 58.1 53.9 Medium Slow 51.2 53.1 48.3 51.6 Medium Medium 49.6 48.1 49.8 51.1 Medium Fast 45.7 48.6 45.0 49.2 Нeavy Heavy Неavy Slow 44.8 46.6 46.7 41.9 51.3 Medium 41.4 38.3 37.9 Fast 37.2 32.8 39.9 35.9 Construct an ANOVA table. You may give ranges for the P-values. Is the additive model plausible? Provide the value of a test statistic and the P-value. a. b. Can the effect of feed rate on lifetime be described by interpreting the main effects of feed rate? If so, interpret the main effects, using multiple comparisons at the 5% level if necessary. If not, explain why not. Can the effect of the speed on lifetime be described by interpreting the main effects of distance? If so,…arrow_forwardBlood pressure: A blood pressure measurement consists of two numbers: the systolic pressure, which is the maximum pressure taken when the heart is contracting, and the diastolic pressure, which is the minimum pressure taken at the beginning of the heartbeat. Blood pressures were measured, in millimeters, for a sample of 8 adults. The following table presents the results. Systolic Diastolic 125 85 108 85 103 78 114 78 119 67 118 88 131 75 116 71 Send data to Excel The least-squares regression line y = b,+b,x= 89.6478 – 0.0966x and E (x-x) = 551.5000 are known for this data. Use the critical value method to test H,: B, = 0 versus H, : B, <0. Can you conclude that systolic blood pressure is useful in predicting diastolic blood pressure? Use the a = 0.05 level of significance. Part: 0/ 4 Part 1 of 4 Find the critical value(s). Round the answer to three decimal places. If there is more than one critical value, separate them with commas. Critical value(s):arrow_forward
- Blood pressure: A blood pressure measurement consists of two numbers: the systolic pressure, which is the maximum pressure taken when the heart is contracting, and the diastolic pressure, which is the minimum pressure taken at the beginning of the heartbeat. Blood pressures were measured, in millimeters, for a sample of 8 adults. The following table presents the results. Systolic Diastolic 125 85 108 85 103 78 114 78 119 67 118 88 131 75 116 71 Send data to Excel = 551.5000 are known for this data. Use the The least-squares regression line y = b,+b,x 89.6478 – 0.0966x and E (x-x) P-value method to test H:B, =0 versus H, : B, <0. Can you conclude that systolic blood pressure is useful in predicting diastolic blood pressure? Use the a = 0.10 level of significance and the TI-84 calculator.arrow_forwardBackground: To prevent crashes caused by running red lights, many states are installing cameras at dangerous intersections. These cameras are used to take photographs of the license plates of vehicles that run a red light. The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) obtained data on the number of crashes per year caused by running a red light at 13 intersections in Fairfax County, Virginia. Source: Virginia Transportation Research Council, "Research Report: The Impact of Red Light Cameras (Photo-Red Enforcement) on Crashes in Virginia", June 2007 Directions: Perform an appropriate significance test to determine whether or not the reduction in the number of crashes was statistically significant. 1. Click on the Data button below to display the data. Copy the data into a statistical software package and click the Data button a second time to hide it. Data Before After 3.7 1.26 0.1 0 4.55 1.69 2.4 1.94 2.09 3.24 2.5 2.72 0.83 0.24 3.05 1.67 3.21 0.33 1.08 0.18 1.25 0.99 7.25 5.02 191…arrow_forwardBackground: To prevent crashes caused by running red lights, many states are installing cameras at dangerous intersections. These cameras are used to take photographs of the license plates of vehicles that run a red light. The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) obtained data on the number of crashes per year caused by running a red light at 13 intersections in Fairfax County, Virginia. Source: Virginia Transportation Research Council, "Research Report: The Impact of Red Light Cameras (Photo-Red Enforcement) on Crashes in Virginia", June 2007 Directions: Perform an appropriate significance test to determine whether or not the reduction in the number of crashes was statistically significant. RED LIGHT PHOTO ENFORCED 1. Click on the Data button below to display the data. Copy the data into a statistical software package and click the Data button a second time to hide it. Data Before After 3.5 1.46 0.47 0.1 0.39 0 4.55 1.69 2.6 2.04 2.39 3.14 2.5 2.62 0.83 0.14 3.25 1.57 3.41…arrow_forward
- Blood pressure: A blood pressure measurement consists of two numbers: the systolic pressure, which is the maximum pressure taken when the heart is contracting, and the diastolic pressure, which is the minimum pressure taken at the beginning of the heartbeat. Blood pressures were measured, in millimeters of mercury, for a sample of 7 adults. The following table presents the results. Systolic Diastolic 115 83 133 91 154 94 119 69 123 77 112 75 157 103 Send data to Excel Compute the least-squares regression line for predicting diastolic pressure (y) from systolic pressure (x). Round the intermediate calculations to at least six decimal places. Round the slope and y-intercept values to at least four decimal places. Regression line equation: y = Save For Later Submit Assignment Check Answer Privacy Center © 2021 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use 47°Farrow_forwardAn experiment that was carried out to study how flow rate through a solenoid valve in an automobile's pollution-control system depended on three factors: armature lengths, spring load, and bobbin depth. Four different levels (low, moderate, high, and extreme) of each factor were chosen, and a single observation on flow was made for each combination of levels. The resulting data set consisted of how many observations? Show how you derived your answer.arrow_forwardTruck Pollution: In an experiment to determine the effect of ambient temperature on the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) of diesel trucks, ten trucks were run at temperatures of 40°F and. 80°F . The emissions, in parts per billion, are presented in the following table. Truck 40°F 80°F 1 835.8 815.9 2 753.9 763.0 3 857.0 844.1 4 899.1 798.2 5 783.2 765.3 6 864.3 819.4 7 880.4 784.5 8 738.5 696.6 9 750.6 770.7 10 844.7 793.8 Send data to Excel Part: 0 / 2 0 of 2 Parts Complete Part 1 of 2 (a) Construct an 80% confidence interval for the difference in mean emissions between trucks running at 40°F and trucks running at 80°F . Let d represent the emissions at 40°F minus the emissions at 80°F . Use the TI-84 calculator and round the answers to at least two decimal places.…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...AlgebraISBN:9781337111348Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan NoellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Linear Algebra: A Modern IntroductionAlgebraISBN:9781285463247Author:David PoolePublisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...
Algebra
ISBN:9781337111348
Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan Noell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction
Algebra
ISBN:9781285463247
Author:David Poole
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Mod-01 Lec-01 Discrete probability distributions (Part 1); Author: nptelhrd;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6x1pL9Yov1k;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Discrete Probability Distributions; Author: Learn Something;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9U4UelWLFs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Probability Distribution Functions (PMF, PDF, CDF); Author: zedstatistics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXLVjCKVP7U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Discrete Distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Hypergeometric | Statistics for Data Science; Author: Dr. Bharatendra Rai;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHhyy4JMigg;License: Standard Youtube License