Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 7CYR
Fill in the blanks: The _______is the period of time during which it is impossible to stimulate a neuron to have an action potential, whereas the _______is the period of time during which a larger-than-normal stimulus is required to elicit an action potential.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 11.1 - What are the organs of the CNS?Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.1 - Describe the sensory, integrative, and motor...Ch. 11.1 - 4. What are the differences between the somatic...Ch. 11.1 - How does the somatic motor division of the PNS...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of the cell body,...Ch. 11.2 - What are the structural differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functional differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of astrocytes?Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 5QC
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.2 - 7. What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Ch. 11.2 - How does the myelin sheath differ in the CNS and...Ch. 11.2 - Are neurons more likely to regenerate in the CNS...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 10QCCh. 11.3 - 1. What is the resting membrane potential?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.3 - What two factors generate the resting membrane...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.3 - In and around the axon, where is the higher...Ch. 11.3 - What is the resting membrane potential, and what...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 8QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 9QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 10QCCh. 11.3 - What takes place during the depolarization phase...Ch. 11.3 - 7. What must be reached in order for...Ch. 11.3 - 8. What takes place during the repolarization and...Ch. 11.3 - 9. What are the absolute and relative refractory...Ch. 11.3 - 10. How do local potentials and action potentials...Ch. 11.3 - Which is useful for long-distance signaling, and...Ch. 11.3 - 12. How is an action potential propagated down an...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18QCCh. 11.4 - What are three locations where presynaptic axons...Ch. 11.4 - Define synaptic transmission.Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.6 - 1. Why are neurons organized into neuronal...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.6 - 3. What mechanisms stabilize neural circuits?
Ch. 11 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 11 - 2. Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and...Ch. 11 - Match each type of neuroglial cell with its...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 11 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 11 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 11 - 7. Fill in the blanks: The _______is the period of...Ch. 11 - With respect to the condition of action...Ch. 11 - 9. Identify the following as properties of...Ch. 11 - The trigger for exocytosis of synaptic vesicles...Ch. 11 - Match the following neurotransmitters with their...Ch. 11 - 12. Which of the following is not a method by...Ch. 11 - 13. A ________is characterized by multiple input...Ch. 11 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 11 -
15. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 11 - Sequence the following list of events of a...Ch. 11 - 16. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 11 - 1. A drug that blocks channels in neurons does so...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11 - What conditions must be met for an axon to...Ch. 11 - 4. Explain how an action potential is propagated...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 11 - 2. During a surgical procedure, an...Ch. 11 - Albert accidentally ingests the poison...Ch. 11 - 4. Albert, the patient in question 3, takes the...Ch. 11 - Predict the effect that tetrodotoxin would have on...Ch. 11 - Explain what would happen if depolarization of the...
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- When they are not being stimulated, neurons have an electrical charge across their membranes called the resting potential. This potential is______ charged inside. When a neuron receives a sufficiently large stimulus, and reaches a potential called the_______ , it produces an action potential. This causes the neuron to become_____ charged inside.arrow_forwardWhich of the statements below describe a situation in which the change in membrane potential above could cause the firing of an action potential? Select all that apply. ___If the potential is counteracted by an IPSP. ___If the potential is strong enough to bring the axon hillock to threshold. ___If the neuron is in the relative refractory period. ___If the potential is supplemented by a simultaneous (or near-simultaneous) EPSP.arrow_forwardSelect all of the statements from the list below that are true. Within a single axon, an action potential is always of the same magnitude. (In other words, it always looks the same on a trace of the membrane potential.) All excitatory post-synaptic potentials trigger an action potential. Graded potentials are always hyperpolarizing. The action potential always moves in one direction along an axon. Integration of sensory information is a major function of the central nervous system. All axons in the body are myelinated.arrow_forward
- Demyelination is the loss of myelin from neurones that are normally myelinated. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which demyelination occurs in neurones involved in coordinating muscle movement. Using your knowledge of nerve impulse generation and propagation, explain how nerve impulse generation and propagation would be affected in people who have multiple sclerosis. The explanation needs to be in the form of a step by step sequence of annotated drawings. This could be in the form of an annotated cartoon/picture strip. Compare this to nerve impulse generation and propagation in an individual who does not have multiple sclerosis.arrow_forwardI have stimulated a neuron with dopamine for a second followed by treating it with cocaine and calcium chelating agent (which chelates out all calcium from the system making them unavailable for function), what will be the effect of such impulse on generating an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron? Will it be different if I pretreat the set of nerve cells with cocaine and calcium chelating agent followed by stimulating the neuron with dopamine? Justify your answer with proper reasoning in brief.arrow_forwardYou and your lab partner have prepared a frog nerve for gathering data on action potentials. You connect an electronic stimulator to the nerve and ask your partner to gradually increase the voltage until you see an action potential. Your partner says that the voltage knob is stuck and will not increase the voltage. To finally get an action potential, they begin to trouble shoot and instead of increasing the voltage, they begin to simulate the nerve over and over again and see an action potential. What type of summation is this describing? action potentials graded potentials spatial summation temporal summation O thresholdarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true regarding the changes that occur during an action potential. Check All That Apply When stimulus is sufficient to cause the threshold potential to be reached, the area stimulated opens its voltage-gated sodium channels.When stimulus is sufficient to cause the threshold potential to be reached, the area stimulated opens its voltage-gated sodium channels. After threshold is reached, the sodium ions move into the cell via the Na+/K+ pump, the inside of the cell becomes momentarily positive.After threshold is reached, the sodium ions move into the cell via the Na+/K+ pump, the inside of the cell becomes momentarily positive. At almost the same time as Na+ channels are closing, voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing an increased movement of potassium ions out of the cellAt almost the same time as Na+ channels are closing, voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing an increased movement of potassium ions out of the cell The…arrow_forwardA laboratory experiment is set up where you have two fully functional nerves properly aligned so that it potentially can transmit an action potential through a synapse to the second nerve. The buffer outside the cells contain Na+, H+ and Cl- as the only inorganic ions. When you stimulate the nerve, surprisingly the second nerve does not respond. What is the most likely explanation for the failure of the second nerve response? State why you chose your answer. a. The lack of K+ in the buffer prevents propagation of the action potential b. Neurotransmitter is not being released into the synaptic space. c. An action potential can only be initiated by opening a ligand-gated channel. d. Although neurotransmitter is released, it is unable to stimulate opening of the second nerve' ligand-gated channel. e. Repolarization of the axon does not occur in this buffer.arrow_forwardBecause the long axons of neurons look like electrical wires, and both neurons and electrical wires conduct electricity, it is tempting to equate the two. Compare and contrast the functioning of axons and electrical wires in terms of their structure and the nature of the electrical signals they conduct. Please include references.arrow_forward
- Two separate post-synaptic interneurons receive synaptic potentials from afferent neurons in the periphery. The dendrites of one these interneurons receive an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) and an inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP) of equal magnitude at the same time. The dendrites of the other interneuron receive one excitatory post-synaptic potential that is the same sized as the EPSP and IPSP received by the other interneuronarrow_forwardTemporal summation refers to: summation of action potentials in the temporal cortex. summation of postsynaptic potentials on a neuron occurring closely together in time. summation of postsynaptic potentials at different places on a neuron at the same time. summation of postsynaptic potentials in the temporal cortex.arrow_forwardFill in the blank: The moment following the passage of an action potential during which a threshold stimulus will not triggeranother impulse is called the ___________________ period.arrow_forward
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