Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 12CYR
Which of the following is not a method by which the effects of neurotransmitters are terminated?
a. Reuptake into the presynaptic neuron
b. Diffusion away from the synaptic cleft and uptake by glial cells
c. Movement back to the cell body by retrograde axonal transport
d. Degradation by enzymes in the synaptic cleft
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Which of the following is NOT an example of communication that happens from one neuron to another neuron?
A. Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on dstant cells).
B. Retrograde neurotransmission (ex.the dendrite releases a neuroactive substance that binds to receptors on the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron).
C. Electrical communication via propagation of action potential from one node of ranvier to the next node of ranvier.
D. Volume transmission (ex. neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse and bind to receptors on adjacent cells)
E. Electrical communication through gap junctions.
Organophosphate pesticides inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase. What effect does this have in the cell?
Select one:
a. It prevents synthesis of ACh in the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter release
b. It prevents breakdown of ACh in the synapse causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell
c. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell
d. It prevents binding of ACh on the postsynaptic cell causing less activity
e. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter synthesis.
What are all the possible ways that a neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft? Select all that apply.
A. Taken up by postsynaptic transporters
B. Taken up by presynaptic transporters
C. Broken down by enzymes in the cleft
D. Broken down by enzymes in the presynaptic side
E. Broken down by postsynaptic enzymes
Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 11.1 - What are the organs of the CNS?Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.1 - Describe the sensory, integrative, and motor...Ch. 11.1 - 4. What are the differences between the somatic...Ch. 11.1 - How does the somatic motor division of the PNS...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of the cell body,...Ch. 11.2 - What are the structural differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functional differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of astrocytes?Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 5QC
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.2 - 7. What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Ch. 11.2 - How does the myelin sheath differ in the CNS and...Ch. 11.2 - Are neurons more likely to regenerate in the CNS...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 10QCCh. 11.3 - 1. What is the resting membrane potential?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.3 - What two factors generate the resting membrane...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.3 - In and around the axon, where is the higher...Ch. 11.3 - What is the resting membrane potential, and what...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 8QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 9QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 10QCCh. 11.3 - What takes place during the depolarization phase...Ch. 11.3 - 7. What must be reached in order for...Ch. 11.3 - 8. What takes place during the repolarization and...Ch. 11.3 - 9. What are the absolute and relative refractory...Ch. 11.3 - 10. How do local potentials and action potentials...Ch. 11.3 - Which is useful for long-distance signaling, and...Ch. 11.3 - 12. How is an action potential propagated down an...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18QCCh. 11.4 - What are three locations where presynaptic axons...Ch. 11.4 - Define synaptic transmission.Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.6 - 1. Why are neurons organized into neuronal...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.6 - 3. What mechanisms stabilize neural circuits?
Ch. 11 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 11 - 2. Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and...Ch. 11 - Match each type of neuroglial cell with its...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 11 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 11 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 11 - 7. Fill in the blanks: The _______is the period of...Ch. 11 - With respect to the condition of action...Ch. 11 - 9. Identify the following as properties of...Ch. 11 - The trigger for exocytosis of synaptic vesicles...Ch. 11 - Match the following neurotransmitters with their...Ch. 11 - 12. Which of the following is not a method by...Ch. 11 - 13. A ________is characterized by multiple input...Ch. 11 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 11 -
15. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 11 - Sequence the following list of events of a...Ch. 11 - 16. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 11 - 1. A drug that blocks channels in neurons does so...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11 - What conditions must be met for an axon to...Ch. 11 - 4. Explain how an action potential is propagated...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 11 - 2. During a surgical procedure, an...Ch. 11 - Albert accidentally ingests the poison...Ch. 11 - 4. Albert, the patient in question 3, takes the...Ch. 11 - Predict the effect that tetrodotoxin would have on...Ch. 11 - Explain what would happen if depolarization of the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In an experiment you place a neuron and its synaptic contacts into a medium containing no calcium ions. You stimulate the neuron causing an action potential to propagate down the axon into the axon terminal of the neuron. 3.) What is the most likely result of this experimental manipulation? A. Prolong the refractory period of the action potential B. Decrease the time required to move sodium ions out of the axon terminal C. Prevent neurotransmitter from binding to receptors on postsynaptic cells D. Enhance the voltage changes associated with the action potential E. Prevent release of neurotransmitter into the synapsearrow_forwardNeurotransmitters: a. Can only inhibit the postsynaptic cell b. Can be part of a process that regulates transcription and translation in the postsynaptic cell с. Are bound to their receptors forever, until the receptor is degraded and recycled. d. Can exit the presynaptic cell without assistance. e. Can only excite the postsynaptic cell Clathrin: Is embedded in the cell membrane of the synaptic terminal. a. b. Degrades vesicles for recycling and return to the axon hillock с. Mediates ALL endocytosis in the body, including the formation of vesicles in the synapse. d. Forms a coat of octagonal proteins. e. Helps the vesicle leave the pre-synaptic cell, and fuse to the membrane of the post-synaptic cellarrow_forwardThe following steps refer to various stages in transmission at a chemical synapse. 1. Neurotransmitter binds with receptors associated with the postsynaptic membrane. 2. Calcium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm. 3. An action potential depolarizes the membrane of the presynaptic axon terminal. 4. The ligand-gated ion channels open. 5. The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Which step occurs first in transmission at a chemical synapse? Ostep 1 occurs first step 2 occurs first step 3 occurs first step 4 occurs first Ostep 5 occurs firstarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the repolarization of a neuron? a. The potassium channels are slower to open, allowing the potassium ions to leave after depolarization. b. The potassium ions leave the cell, thereby returning the neuron to its resting potential. c. The neuron becomes more polarized and more negatively charged than its original resting membrane potential. d. The sodium and potassium channels open, allowing the positive ions to move out of the cell.arrow_forwardLike many neurotransmitters, serotonin (5-HT) can have different postsynaptic effects on different neurons. Which of the following is the best explanation for these differences? a. There are several types of postsynaptic receptors for serotonin b. The brain releases different forms of serotonin at different synapses c. It depends whether it is an original serotonin molecule or one that has been recycled d. The width of the synaptic cleft varies from one synapse to another Which chromosomal pattern is conisdered typical of male humans? a. XYY b. XX c. YY d. XYarrow_forwardAll the following are the right description of communication between neurons EXCEPT Select one: a. Communication between two neurons happens in the synaptic cleft b. Communication between two neurons happens in the form of neural impulse c. Communication between two neurons happens when the neurotransmitter binds to its receptor on a receiving cell d. Communication between two neurons happens through chemical neurotransmitterarrow_forward
- A perturbation that alters the membrane potential at a site on a neuronal axon will pass to neighboring segments of the axon by... a. electronic spead b. active transport c. symport d. antiport e. facilitated diffusionarrow_forwardThe release of a neurotransmitter from a terminal button produces an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in the postsynaptic neuron. What is the most likely mechanism by which this occurs? A. the neurotransmitter opens chemically activated chloride channels B. the neurotransmitter activates a second messenger which then opens calcium channels C. the neurotransmitter is glutamate D. the neurotransmitter acts on a G-protein linked receptor which opens sodium channelsarrow_forwardA channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to leave the cell. What type of graded potential is this? a. depolarizing b. repolarizing c. hyperpolarizing d. non-polarizingarrow_forward
- Identify the following as properties of electrical synapses (ES), chemical synapses (CS), or both (B). a. _____ The plasma membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are joined by gap junctions. b. _____ Transmission is unidirectional and delayed. c. _____ A presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron are involved. d. _____ The use of neurotransmitters packaged into synaptic vesicles is required. e. _____ Transmission is nearly instantaneous and bidirectionarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials? a. Thicker axons are faster because there is more surface area on thicker axons. b. Myelin speeds conduction because the glial cells add voltage gated Na+ channels to the neuron. c. Diffusion of Na+ ions between the Nodes of Ranvier happens faster than the wave of opening and closing membrane proteins can travel. d. Neurons that don’t have myelin sheaths undergo saltatory conduction e. Action potentials move slowly.arrow_forwardCurrently, the medication that manages the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease is a type of cholinesterase inhibitor. In other words, the medication inhibits the function of cholinesterase and helps in brain functioning and memory. a. What is the function of cholinesterase in the synapse? b. How does a cholinesterase inhibitor work in a synapse? c. Explain how cholinesterase inhibitors are able to increase brain functioning and memory.arrow_forward
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