Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 8CYR
With respect to the condition of action potentials, which of the following statements is false?
a. Every region of the membrane must be depolarized and triggered to generate an action potential via saltatory conduction.
b. In an unmyelinated axon, every region of the membrane must be depolarized and generate action potentials.
c. Type A fibers are the largest, have the most myelin, and conduct action potentials the fastest.
d. The myelin sheath allows saltatory conduction, in which only the nodes of Ranvier must generate action potentials.
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Which of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials?
a. Thicker axons are faster because there is more surface area on thicker axons.
b. Myelin speeds conduction because the glial cells add voltage gated Na+ channels to the neuron.
c. Diffusion of Na+ ions between the Nodes of Ranvier happens faster than the wave of opening and closing membrane proteins can travel.
d. Neurons that don’t have myelin sheaths undergo saltatory conduction
e. Action potentials move slowly.
Match the description with the statement that best describes the following regions
synaptic knob
axon hillock
dendrites
axon
A.
elongated projection that conducts electrical signals over long distances
B.
receives input from other neurons
C.
region of high denisty of voltage-gated channels, known as the trigger zone
D.
contains numerous vesicles containing neurotransmitter
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP)?
A. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane.
B. The absolute refractory period is due the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channels at the peak of the AP.
C. The relative refractory period is due to the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels during the overshoot phase of the AP.
D. The relative refractory period is due the closing of the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels .
E. All of the above statements are FALSE.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 11.1 - What are the organs of the CNS?Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.1 - Describe the sensory, integrative, and motor...Ch. 11.1 - 4. What are the differences between the somatic...Ch. 11.1 - How does the somatic motor division of the PNS...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of the cell body,...Ch. 11.2 - What are the structural differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functional differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of astrocytes?Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 5QC
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.2 - 7. What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Ch. 11.2 - How does the myelin sheath differ in the CNS and...Ch. 11.2 - Are neurons more likely to regenerate in the CNS...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 10QCCh. 11.3 - 1. What is the resting membrane potential?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.3 - What two factors generate the resting membrane...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.3 - In and around the axon, where is the higher...Ch. 11.3 - What is the resting membrane potential, and what...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 8QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 9QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 10QCCh. 11.3 - What takes place during the depolarization phase...Ch. 11.3 - 7. What must be reached in order for...Ch. 11.3 - 8. What takes place during the repolarization and...Ch. 11.3 - 9. What are the absolute and relative refractory...Ch. 11.3 - 10. How do local potentials and action potentials...Ch. 11.3 - Which is useful for long-distance signaling, and...Ch. 11.3 - 12. How is an action potential propagated down an...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18QCCh. 11.4 - What are three locations where presynaptic axons...Ch. 11.4 - Define synaptic transmission.Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.6 - 1. Why are neurons organized into neuronal...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.6 - 3. What mechanisms stabilize neural circuits?
Ch. 11 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 11 - 2. Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and...Ch. 11 - Match each type of neuroglial cell with its...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 11 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 11 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 11 - 7. Fill in the blanks: The _______is the period of...Ch. 11 - With respect to the condition of action...Ch. 11 - 9. Identify the following as properties of...Ch. 11 - The trigger for exocytosis of synaptic vesicles...Ch. 11 - Match the following neurotransmitters with their...Ch. 11 - 12. Which of the following is not a method by...Ch. 11 - 13. A ________is characterized by multiple input...Ch. 11 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 11 -
15. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 11 - Sequence the following list of events of a...Ch. 11 - 16. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 11 - 1. A drug that blocks channels in neurons does so...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11 - What conditions must be met for an axon to...Ch. 11 - 4. Explain how an action potential is propagated...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 11 - 2. During a surgical procedure, an...Ch. 11 - Albert accidentally ingests the poison...Ch. 11 - 4. Albert, the patient in question 3, takes the...Ch. 11 - Predict the effect that tetrodotoxin would have on...Ch. 11 - Explain what would happen if depolarization of the...
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- Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardSequence the following list of events of a neuronal action potential by placing 1 next to the first event, 2 next to the second event, and so on. a. _____ The activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels open, Na+ flood the cytoplasm, and depolarization occurs. b. _____ K+ continue to flow out of the axon until the membrane is hyperpolarized. c. _____ Local potentials cause the membrane to depolarize to threshold. d. _____ The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close as voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ begin to exit the axon, and repolarization begins. e. _____ Repolarization continues and Na+ channels return to restingarrow_forwardThe two primary factors that influence the speed of an action potential propagation are axon diameter and a. myelination. b. the type of associated glial cell(s). c. concentration of K+ in the cell. d. the length of the axon.arrow_forward
- Local anesthetic is often used in dentistry to lessen the sensation of pain during dental procedures. It prevents propagation of nerve conduction by decreasing the flow of ions. a. Describe how depolarization of an action potential can be blocked by the use of local anesthetic. b. Your classmate explained that once the threshold potential has been reached, the inside charge of the neuron is more positive than the outside charge. Is she correct? Can you compare the inside charge to the outside charge in an axon treated with local anesthetic?arrow_forwardRepolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by a. inward diffusion of Na+. b. active extrusion of K+. c. outward diffusion of K+. d. inward active transport of Na+.arrow_forwardTemporal summation of excitatory inputs onto a neuron (we will refer to that neuron as Neuron A) refers to the... (Check all the following that can correctly complete this sentence) a.) additive effect of simultaneous inputs from multiple neurons on to Neuron A b.) ability of sequential inputs from one neuron to increase ion flux and voltage change in Neuron A c.) increased likelihood of Neuron A reaching threshold and firing an action potential d.) process of coordinating the timing of a movementarrow_forward
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