Concept explainers
Solid silicon dioxide, often called silica, reacts with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution to produce the gas silicon tetrafluoride and water.
a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
b. List three mole ratios, and explain how you would use them in stoichiometric calculations.
(a)

Interpretation:
The balance chemical equation for the reaction of solid silicon dioxide (silica) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution to produce the gas silicon tetrafluoride and water needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The mole concept provides the relation between moles, mass and molar mass. The mathematical expression of mole concept can be written as:
1 mole of any substance contains
Answer to Problem 49A
Explanation of Solution
The reaction of solid silicon dioxide (silica) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution produces the gas silicon tetrafluoride and water. The chemical formula of reactant and products are:
Silica =
Hydrofluoric acid = HF
Silicon tetrafluoride =
Water =
Thus the balance chemical equation must be:

(b)
Interpretation:
The six mole rations for the reaction solid silicon dioxide (silica) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution to produce the gas silicon tetrafluoride and water needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A chemical reaction involves the conversion of certain molecules (reactant) to new substance (product) by bond breaking and making. One of the reactants, which is present in limited amount and determines the amount of product is known as limiting reactant. Whereas another reactant is known as excess reactant.
Answer to Problem 49A
Explanation of Solution
The balance chemical equation for solid silicon dioxide (silica) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution to produce the gas silicon tetrafluoride and water can be written as:
The mole ratio relates the moles of reactant with other reactant and product molecules in the balance chemical equation. Thus, one mole ratio relates with other mole ratio. The mole ratio in the given balance reaction must be:
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