Inquiry into Physics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337515863
Author: Ostdiek
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 11, Problem 29Q
To determine
To explain why nuclear fusion reaction is difficult to induce.
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I am specifically having difficulty in solving part d of this problem.
a) Calculate the number of grams of deuterium in a 54,300 L swimming pool, given deuterium is 0.0150% of natural hydrogen.
(b)
Find the energy released in joules if this deuterium is fused via the reaction 2H + 2H → 3He + n.
(c)
Could the neutrons be used to release more energy?
(d)
Discuss the amount of this type of energy in a swimming pool as compared to that in, say, a gallon of gasoline, also taking into consideration that water is far more abundant. (Enter the ratio of the energy in the deuterium in the pool to the energy in a gallon of gasoline. The energy in a gallon of gasoline is 1.2 ✕ 108 J.)
Edeuterium
Egasoline
=
I asked this question once and the answer returned was correct, but I couldn't follow the work so I'm hoping you can write it more clearly:
A proposed nuclear reactor facility will have an electrical power output of 805 MW with a 30.2% efficiency in converting nuclear to electrical power. Assuming the average fission reaction produces 227 MeV, how many reactions will take place at the facility every second?
As explained in the previous section, if you want to have a nuclear reaction chain starting into
your reactor, you need to enrich the uranium to have more uranium 235 available. It is assumed
that you need to have about 4% of uranium 235 in order to maintain the reaction chain and to
produce enough neutrons. Those neutrons are, however, too energetic to induce another fission
reaction, it is needed first to reduce their energy. In most reactors, this is the role of the water
located inside.
1) Explain how the energy is stored inside the neutrons
2) How can the water reduce this energy?
3) Is the water the only thing able to act as moderator?
4) What is the effect of the moderator on the cross-section of the atoms of uranium 235?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Inquiry into Physics
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1MACh. 11 - Prob. 1PIPCh. 11 - Prob. 2PIPCh. 11 - Prob. 1MIOCh. 11 - Prob. 1QCh. 11 - Prob. 2QCh. 11 - Prob. 3QCh. 11 - Prob. 4QCh. 11 - Prob. 5QCh. 11 - Prob. 6Q
Ch. 11 - Prob. 7QCh. 11 - Prob. 8QCh. 11 - Prob. 9QCh. 11 - Prob. 10QCh. 11 - Prob. 11QCh. 11 - Prob. 12QCh. 11 - Prob. 13QCh. 11 - Prob. 14QCh. 11 - Prob. 15QCh. 11 - Prob. 16QCh. 11 - Prob. 17QCh. 11 - Prob. 18QCh. 11 - Prob. 19QCh. 11 - Prob. 20QCh. 11 - Prob. 21QCh. 11 - Prob. 22QCh. 11 - Prob. 23QCh. 11 - Prob. 24QCh. 11 - Prob. 25QCh. 11 - Prob. 26QCh. 11 - Prob. 27QCh. 11 - Prob. 28QCh. 11 - Prob. 29QCh. 11 - Prob. 30QCh. 11 - Prob. 31QCh. 11 - Prob. 32QCh. 11 - Prob. 33QCh. 11 - Determine the nuclear composition (number of...Ch. 11 - The isotope helium-6 undergoes beta decay. Write...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3PCh. 11 - A nucleus of oxygen-15 undergoes electron capture....Ch. 11 - Prob. 5PCh. 11 - Prob. 6PCh. 11 - Prob. 7PCh. 11 - Prob. 8PCh. 11 - Prob. 9PCh. 11 - Prob. 10PCh. 11 - Prob. 11PCh. 11 - Prob. 12PCh. 11 - . A Geiger counter registers a count rate of 4,000...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14PCh. 11 - Prob. 15PCh. 11 - Prob. 16PCh. 11 - Prob. 17PCh. 11 - Prob. 18PCh. 11 - Prob. 19PCh. 11 - Prob. 20PCh. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - Prob. 22PCh. 11 - Prob. 1CCh. 11 - Prob. 2CCh. 11 - Prob. 3CCh. 11 - Prob. 4CCh. 11 - Prob. 5CCh. 11 - Prob. 6CCh. 11 - Prob. 7C
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- When a star has exhausted its hydrogen fuel, it may fuse other nuclear fuels. At temperatures above 1.0 x 10° K, helium fusion can occur. Write the equation for the following processes. (a) Two alpha particles fuse to produce a nucleus A and a gamma ray. What is nucleus A? (Enter the mass number in the first raised box, the atomic number in the second lower box, and the element, with charge if necessary, in the third box.) (b) Nucleus A absorbs an alpha particle to produce a nucleus "B" and a gamma ray. What is nucleus B? (Enter your answer using the same format as above.) (c) Find the total energy (Q) released in the reactions given in parts (a) and (b). Note: the mass of 4 = 8.005 305u. MeVarrow_forwardNote: handwritten solutions are strictly prohibited..and don't use any ai botarrow_forwardAnother series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the cycle described below. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6x10' K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5×10' K, the following cycle below produces less than 10% of the Sun's energy. (Enter the mass number in the first raised box, the atomic number in the second lower box, and the element in the third box.) (a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12c. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A. (b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B. (c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C. (d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce…arrow_forward
- Demonstrate your nuclear reaction balancing skills by answering the following three scenarios. You will fill the first nine blanks with either an integer numeral (1-3 digits), or the chemical symbol for an element (1-2 letters). For example, Curium has the chemical symbol Cm, and its most stable isotope has mass number A=247 and atomic number Z-96. (These are not answers to this question.) a) Identify the unknown daughter nucleus (?) in the following reaction: 1 ¹235U + ¼n → ¹3¹1 + (?) + 3 (√n) 92 53 Enter the mass number A = Enter the atomic number Z = Enter the chemical symbol: A Narrow_forwardFind the amount of energy (Q) released in the fusion reaction below, in units of MeV. (Consult a table of nuclides to find the nuclide masses, and use at least five decimal places in your calculations before rounding your final answer.)arrow_forwardThe following explanation of a fission reactor contains many errors. Please correct as many as you can find. You may copy the whole text out while correcting the errors; in that case please underline what you have changed. You may prefer to use conventional instructions to printers, of the form, para 1 line 1 for ”harnessing” read ”exploiting”, which would cause thetexttoread”. . . byexploitingtheenergy. . . ” A nuclear fission reactor fuelled by uranium operates by harnessing the energy released during the fusing (fission) of uranium atoms into three or four lighter nuclei with less bind- ing energy. Uranium-238 (U-238) is the fissile isotope used. Fission is triggered when the U238 is bombarded by neutrinos, which are absorbed by the orbiting electrons. When a U-235 nucleus undergoes fission, it releases several neutrinos. If these neutrinos are ab- sorbed by other U-235 nuclei, they undergo fission, releasing more neutrinos. This process continues in a chain reaction, giving a…arrow_forward
- ...E. 5. Why is the two-source method applied to determine the dead time of GM counter? Is it possible to determine the dead time by applying one source only? .... ...arrow_forwardSpeculate about some worldwide changes likely to follow the advent of successful fusion reactors. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of electricity coming from a large central power station versus a network of many smaller solar-based stations owned and operated by individuals.arrow_forwardThe production of electricity at nuclear fissionreactor facilities is controversial. Think about the benefitsand dangers of this technology. Explain your opinionabout whether nuclear reactors should be used.arrow_forward
- In considering potential fusion reactions, what is the advantage of the reaction 2H+3H4He+n over the reaction 2H+2H3He+n ?arrow_forwardThe energy yield of a nuclear weapon is often defined in terms of the equivalent mass of a conventional explosive. 1 ton of a conventional explosive releases 4.2 GJ. A typical nuclear warhead releases 250,000 times more, so the yield is expressed as 250 kilotons. That is a staggering explosion, but the asteroid impact that wiped out the dinosaurs was significantly greater. Assume that the asteroid was a sphere 10 km in diameter, with a density of 2500 kg/m3 and moving at 30 km/s. What energy was released at impact, in joules and in kilotons?arrow_forwardI need 100% right solution with clear calculations.arrow_forward
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