
To determine:
The procedures used to prepare skin for injections, IVs and surgical procedure.
Introduction:
Disinfection is a process of removal cleaning of microorganisms from surface. It is done by using disinfectants. The disinfectants destroy, inactivate or kill microorganisms. It is a type of chemical agents.

Explanation of Solution
The procedures used to prepare the skin for procedures such as injection, IVs and surgery involve proper desanitation by alcohol at region of skin where the injection is given to patients. Alcohol is used to remove bacteria from the skin, which is injected within the tissue. Before surgery, all equipments are sterilized that are used in surgery to avoid contamination and infection with bacteria. Sterile fluids and injections are used to avoid infection with bacteria.
Before injection, IVs and surgery, the procedures such as cleaning of skin and sterile equipments and fluids are used to avoid infections.
To determine:
The way by which Bacillus cereus is introduced into the patients.
Introduction:
Infections or diseases refer to an abnormal condition of body that disrupts important physical and physiological function of body. Disease is caused by improper diet, lack of exercise, various infectious agents that are present in nature, toxic substances, genetic disorders, and depression, stress that play role in illness and disturbs normal functioning of body.

Explanation of Solution
Bacillus cereus is introduced into the patients through wounds, cuts or skin surface. It is also introduced by using medical equipment’s, which is contaminated with these bacteria. It is also spread through ingestion of contaminated food. It contaminates milk products, vegetables and meat. It also contaminates rice and pasta and it is responsible for causing gastrointestinal tract infection. Improper maintenance of sanitation and hygiene also causes spread of bacteria.
Bacteria Bacillus cereus are introduced into body of patients through wounds, surgical cuts, and use of contaminated surgical equipments.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
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