Interpretation: It is given that, the initial rate of a reaction doubles as the concentration of one of the reactants is quadrupled. The order of this reaction is to be stated. If a reactant has a
Concept introduction: The change observed in the concentration of a reactant or a product per unit time is known as the rate of the particular reaction. The differential rate law provides the rate of a reaction at specific reaction concentrations.
To determine: The order of the reaction if the initial rate of a reaction doubles as the concentration of one of the reactants is quadrupled; the initial ratewhen the concentration of that reactant increases by a factor of two and the order of reactant is
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EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
- At 573 K, gaseous NO2(g) decomposes, forming NO(g) and O2(g). If a vessel containing NO2(g) has an initial concentration of 1.9 102 mol/L, how long will it take for 75% of the NO2(g) to decompose? The decomposition of NO2(g) is second-order in the reactant and the rate constant for this reaction, at 573 K, is 1.1 L/mol s.arrow_forwardFor the reaction of nitrogen monoxide, NO, with chlorine, Cl2, 2NO(g)+Cl2(g)2NOCl(g) the observed rate law is Rate=k[NO]2[Cl2] What is the reaction order with respect to nitrogen monoxide and with respect to Cl2? What is the overall order?arrow_forwardApply the method of initial rates to determine the order of a chemical reaction with respect to Reactant X. Create a set of hypothetical experimental data that would lead you to conclude that the reaction is second order in X.arrow_forward
- At 500 K in the presence of a copper surface, ethanol decomposes according to the equation C2H5OH(g)CH3CHO(g)+H2(g) The pressure of C2H5OH was measured as a function of time and the following data were obtained: Time(s) PC2H5OH(torr) 0 250. 100. 237 200. 224 300. 211 400. 198 500. 185 Since the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the concentration of gas, we can express the rate law for a gaseous reaction in terms of partial pressures. Using the above data, deduce the rate law, the integrated rate law, and the value of the rate constant, all in terms of pressure units in atm and time in seconds. Predict the pressure of C2H5OH after 900. s from the start of the reaction. (Hint: To determine the order of the reaction with respect to C2H5OH, compare how the pressure of C2H5OH decreases with each time listing.)arrow_forwardThe reaction NO(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) NOCl(g) is first-order in [Cl2] and second-order with respect to [NO]. Under a given set of conditions, the initial rate of this reaction is 620 106 mol/L s. What is the rate of this reaction if the concentration of NO is doubled and the concentration of Cl2 is reduced to half the original value? (a) 6.20 106 mol/L s (b) 124 105 mol/L s (c) 2.48 105 mol/L s (d) 4.96 105 mol/L sarrow_forwardOne experimental procedure that can be used to determine the rate law of a reaction is the method of initial rates. What data are gathered in the method of initial rates, and how are these data manipulated to determine k and the orders of the species in the rate law? Are the units for k. the rate constant, the same for all rate laws? Explain. If a reaction is first order in A, what happens to the rate if [A] is tripled? If the initial rate for a reaction increases by a factor of 16 when [A] is quadrupled, what is the order of n? If a reaction is third order in A and [A] is doubled, what happens to the initial rate? If a reaction is zero order, what effect does [A] have on the initial rate of a reaction?arrow_forward
- When phenacyl bromide and pyridine are both dissolved in methanol, they react to form phenacylpyridinium bromide. When equal concentrations of reactants were mixed in methanol at 35 C, these data were obtained: (a) Determine the rate law for this reaction. (b) Determine the overall order of this reaction. (c) Determine the rate constant for this reaction. (d) Determine the rate constant for this reaction when the concentration of each reactant is 0.030 mol/L.arrow_forwardWhen enzymes are present at very low concentration, their effect on reaction rate can be described by first-order kinetics. Calculate by what factor the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction changes when the enzyme concentration is changed from 1.5 107 M to 4.5 106 M.arrow_forwardBased on the kinetic theory of matter, what would the action of a catalyst do to a reaction that is the reverse of some reaction that we say is catalyzed?arrow_forward
- The dimerization of butadiene, C4H6, to form 1,5-cyclooctadiene is a second-order process that occurs when the diene is heated. In an experiment, a sample of 0.0087 mol of C4H6 was heated in a 1.0-L flask. After 600. seconds, 21% of the butadiene had dimerized. Calculate the rate constant for this reaction.arrow_forwardIsomerization of CH3NC occurs slowly when CH3NC is heated. CH3NC(g) CH3CN(g) To study the rate of this reaction at 488 K, data on [CH3NC] were collected at various times. Analysis led to the following graph. (a) What is the rate law for this reaction? (b) What is the equation for the straight line in this graph? (c) Calculate the rate constant for this reaction. (d) How long does it take for half of the sample to isomerize? (e) What is the concentration of CH3NC after 1.0 104 s?arrow_forwardSucrose, a sugar, decomposes in acid solution to give glucose and fructose. The reaction is first-order in sucrose, and the rate constant at 25 C is k = 0.21 h1. If the initial concentration of sucrose is 0.010 mol/L, what is its concentration after 5.0 h?arrow_forward
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