Chapter 11, Problem 11.43EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Equation for berylllum-9 bombarded with an alpha particle giving neutron as product has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation.  This is a natural transmutation reaction where the nuclide of one element is converted into nuclide of another element.  Radioactive decay happens naturally.  This can also be done artificially in the laboratory by means of bombardment reaction.  Bombardment reaction is the one where the target nuclei is hit by a small fast moving high-energy particle to give a daughter nuclide and a small particle such as proton or neutron.  This can be represented in form of a nuclear equation.  A balanced nuclear equation is the one in which the sum of subscripts on both sides are equal and sum of superscripts on both sides are equal.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Equation for sodium-23 bombarded with a hydrogen-2 giving neon-21 as product has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation.  This is a natural transmutation reaction where the nuclide of one element is converted into nuclide of another element.  Radioactive decay happens naturally.  This can also be done artificially in the laboratory by means of bombardment reaction.  Bombardment reaction is the one where the target nuclei is hit by a small fast moving high-energy particle to give a daughter nuclide and a small particle such as proton or neutron.  This can be represented in form of a nuclear equation.  A balanced nuclear equation is the one in which the sum of subscripts on both sides are equal and sum of superscripts on both sides are equal.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Equation for cadmium-113 giving cadmium-114 and gamma ray on bombardment with a small particle has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation.  This is a natural transmutation reaction where the nuclide of one element is converted into nuclide of another element.  Radioactive decay happens naturally.  This can also be done artificially in the laboratory by means of bombardment reaction.  Bombardment reaction is the one where the target nuclei is hit by a small fast moving high-energy particle to give a daughter nuclide and a small particle such as proton or neutron.  This can be represented in form of a nuclear equation.  A balanced nuclear equation is the one in which the sum of subscripts on both sides are equal and sum of superscripts on both sides are equal.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Equation for bombarding a nuclide with alpha particle that gives phosphorus-30 and neutron has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation.  This is a natural transmutation reaction where the nuclide of one element is converted into nuclide of another element.  Radioactive decay happens naturally.  This can also be done artificially in the laboratory by means of bombardment reaction.  Bombardment reaction is the one where the target nuclei is hit by a small fast moving high-energy particle to give a daughter nuclide and a small particle such as proton or neutron.  This can be represented in form of a nuclear equation.  A balanced nuclear equation is the one in which the sum of subscripts on both sides are equal and sum of superscripts on both sides are equal.