Number of half-lives that are elapsed has to be calculated from the given diagram where platinum-192 decays to osmium-188. Concept Introduction: Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. All the radioactive nuclide do not undergo the decay at a same rate. Some decay rapidly and others decay very slowly. The nuclear stability can be quantitatively expressed by using the half-life. The time required for half quantity of the radioactive substance to undergo decay is known as half-life. It is represented as t 1 / 2 . The equation that relates amount of decayed radioactive material, amount of undecayed radioactive material and the time elapsed can be given as, ( Amount of radionuclide undecayed after n half lives ) = ( Original amount of radionuclide ) x ( 1 2 n )

Question

Normal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO2 level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO2 triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.36EP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of half-lives that are elapsed has to be calculated from the given diagram where platinum-192 decays to osmium-188.

Concept Introduction:

Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. All the radioactive nuclide do not undergo the decay at a same rate. Some decay rapidly and others decay very slowly. The nuclear stability can be quantitatively expressed by using the half-life.

The time required for half quantity of the radioactive substance to undergo decay is known as half-life. It is represented as t1/2.

The equation that relates amount of decayed radioactive material, amount of undecayed radioactive material and the time elapsed can be given as,

(Amount of radionuclideundecayed after n half lives) = (Original amount of radionuclide) x (12n)

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Normal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO2 level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO2 triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?

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