Decay reaction of polonium-210 to lead-206 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified. Concept Introduction: If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number. This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation . This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay. The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.19EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of polonium-210 to lead-206 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of thorium-225 to protactinium-225 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of Pt-190 to Os-186 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of O-19 to F-19 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

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B 1 of 2 Additional problems in preparation to Midterm #1: 1.) How can the following compounds be prepared using Diels-Alder reaction: CH3 O CN (a) (b) CN CH3 2.) What is the missing reagent in the shown reaction? H3C + ? H3C H3C CN H3C ''CN (၁) H 3.) Write the products 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition of DBr to 1,3-cyclohexadiene. Remember, D is deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen. It reacts exactly like hydrogen. 4.) In the shown reaction, which will be the kinetic product and which will be the thermodynamic product? H3C CI H3C HCI H3C + 5.) Which of the following molecules is aromatic? (a) (b) (c) H 6.) Which of the following molecules is aromatic? (a) (b) (c) 7.) Write the mechanism for the shown reaction. + Ха AICI 3 CI 8.) Suggest reagents that would convert benzene into the shown compounds. CI NO2 -8-6-6-8-a (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (a) SO3H Br

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.19EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of polonium-210 to lead-206 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of thorium-225 to protactinium-225 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of Pt-190 to Os-186 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of O-19 to F-19 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.19EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of polonium-210 to lead-206 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of thorium-225 to protactinium-225 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of Pt-190 to Os-186 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of O-19 to F-19 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.19EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of polonium-210 to lead-206 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of thorium-225 to protactinium-225 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of Pt-190 to Os-186 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of O-19 to F-19 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.19EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of polonium-210 to lead-206 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of thorium-225 to protactinium-225 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of Pt-190 to Os-186 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of O-19 to F-19 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.19EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of polonium-210 to lead-206 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.19EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of polonium-210 to lead-206 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of thorium-225 to protactinium-225 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of thorium-225 to protactinium-225 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of Pt-190 to Os-186 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of Pt-190 to Os-186 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of O-19 to F-19 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Decay reaction of O-19 to F-19 is alpha decay or beta decay has to be classified.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 11.1 - The term nuclide is a term used to describe a....Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 11.1 - In the notation carbon-14, the number 14 is a. the...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 11.3 - The explanation for how a beta particle is...

Solution Summary: The author explains that polonium-210 decaying to lead-206 is an alpha decay or beta decay. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms.

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