Chapter 10.2, Problem 1NV

a.

Summary Introduction

To fill:

The correct words in the blanks to complete the given paragraph.

Introduction:

Reproductive cells which pass on genetic traits from the parent to child are produced by the process of meiosis. In order to maintain, the same number of chromosomes in each generation, an organism produces gametes. The segregation of sex chromosomes and random combination of sperm and egg results in formation of males and females.

Answer to Problem 1NV

S.No.	Term
1	Genetics
2	Hybrid
3	Alleles
4	Law of segregation
5	Law of independent assortment

Explanation of Solution

The study of heredity is called genetics. It is a branch of biology that deals with inheritance of traits. Gregor Mendel was a mathematician whose experiments with garden pea plants gave insight into the inheritance of traits. He developed the law of segregation and law of independent assortment to explain how hybrids are formed.

Mendel’s law of segregation states that the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis. The two alleles unite during fertilization resulting in the formation of hybrids.

Mendel developed the law of independent assortment which states that a random distribution of genes occur during gamete formation. Genes on separate chromosomes sort independently during meiosis.

b.

Summary Introduction

To compare: Each pair of terms by defining them and noting their differences.

Introduction: The characteristics of an organism are described as character and traits.

Explanation of Solution

1	Dominant trait	Recessive trait
	I: A dominant trait masks or hides expression of recessive trait. II: It is generally represented by an uppercase letter.	A recessive trait that exerts its effect only in the homozygous state and in heterozygous condition its expression is masked by a dominant trait. It is generally represented by a lowercase letter.
2	Genotype	Phenotype
	I: the genotype is defined as the genetic constitution of an individual for any particular trait or character. II: the genotype is expressed by a symbol example. Tt,TT or Tt etc.	The phenotype is defined as the physical appearance of an individual for any particular trait.The phenotype of an individual is dependent on its genetic constitution.
3	Homozygous	heterozygous
	I: The homozygous traits are possessing two identical allele for a character or trait. II: homozygousdominant genotype (TT), homozygous recessive genotype (tt)	The heterozygous genotypes possess one of each allele for a particular trait. For example, heterozygous genotype (Tt).