When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas whether intermolecular forces changes or not has to be analyzed and explained. The reason for a substance to undergo phase change has to be identified. Concept introduction: Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”. Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding. The nature and strength of the intermolecular forces varies in solids, liquids and gases. The classification of intermolecular force is summarized as follows – Figure 1 There are three types of intermolecular forces - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. These forces are collectively known as Van der Waals forces . London dispersion forces exist in non-polar covalent compounds . Dipole-dipole forces present in polar covalent compounds . Hydrogen bonding is formed in polar covalent compounds containing Hydrogen and other high electronegativity like Fluorine, Oxygen or Nitrogen . It is relatively the strongest one.
When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas whether intermolecular forces changes or not has to be analyzed and explained. The reason for a substance to undergo phase change has to be identified. Concept introduction: Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”. Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding. The nature and strength of the intermolecular forces varies in solids, liquids and gases. The classification of intermolecular force is summarized as follows – Figure 1 There are three types of intermolecular forces - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. These forces are collectively known as Van der Waals forces . London dispersion forces exist in non-polar covalent compounds . Dipole-dipole forces present in polar covalent compounds . Hydrogen bonding is formed in polar covalent compounds containing Hydrogen and other high electronegativity like Fluorine, Oxygen or Nitrogen . It is relatively the strongest one.
Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chapter 10, Problem 5ALQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas whether intermolecular forces changes or not has to be analyzed and explained.
The reason for a substance to undergo phase change has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Matter exists in three distinct physical forms – solid, liquid and gas. There are two types of interactions present in matter – intramolecular meaning, “within the molecule” and intermolecular meaning “between the molecules”.
Intramolecular force refers to the type of bonding that holds the atoms or ions together to form a stable molecule. Intermolecular force refers to the type of interaction that exists between the so formed molecules by bonding.
The nature and strength of the intermolecular forces varies in solids, liquids and gases. The classification of intermolecular force is summarized as follows –
Figure 1
There are three types of intermolecular forces - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. These forces are collectively known as Van der Waals forces. London dispersion forces exist in non-polar covalent compounds. Dipole-dipole forces present in polar covalent compounds. Hydrogen bonding is formed in polar covalent compounds containing Hydrogen and other high electronegativity like Fluorine, Oxygen or Nitrogen. It is relatively the strongest one.
Predict the major products of the following organic reaction:
NC
Δ
?
Some important Notes:
• Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below.
• If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead.
• Be sure to draw bonds carefully to show important geometric relationships between substituents.
Note: if your answer contains a complicated ring structure, you must use one of the molecular fragment stamps (available in the menu at right) to enter the
ring structure. You can add any substituents using the pencil tool in the usual way.
Click and drag to start drawing a
structure.
Х
а
Predict the major products of this organic reaction.
Be sure you use dash and wedge bonds to show stereochemistry where it's important.
+
☑
OH
1. TsCl, py
....
文
P
2. t-BuO K
Click and drag to start
drawing a structure.
Consider this organic reaction:
(
Draw the major products of the reaction in the drawing area below. If there won't be any major products, because this reaction won't happen at a significant
rate, check the box under the drawing area instead.
Click and drag to start drawing a structure.
Х
:
а
ค
1
Chapter 10 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual for Zumdahl/Zumdahl/DeCoste?s Chemistry, 10th Edition