The contributions made to an understanding of transformation by Griffith, by Avery and his colleagues, and by Taylor. Introduction: Direct uptake of exogenous genetic material by the host cell is called transformation. Micro-organisms such as Haemophilus influenzae , Bacillus subtilis , Shigella paradysentriae , and Escherichia coli can undergo a transformation. Transformation occurs naturally in certain species of bacteria or it may be effected artificially.

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Chapter 10, Problem 4PDQ

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The contributions made to an understanding of transformation by Griffith, by Avery and his colleagues, and by Taylor.

Introduction:

Direct uptake of exogenous genetic material by the host cell is called transformation. Micro-organisms such as Haemophilus influenzae, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella paradysentriae, and Escherichia coli can undergo a transformation. Transformation occurs naturally in certain species of bacteria or it may be effected artificially.

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You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon: a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media. Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon. Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator You also have these genetic components in other strains: b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery for transformation). c) the gene cl (a repressor). d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active). e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein). Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…