Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321948915
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10, Problem 35ESP
During gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules can easily be separated according to size because all DNA molecules have the same charge-to-mass ratio and the same shape (long rod). Would you expect RNA molecules to behave in the same manner as DNA during gel electrophoresis? Why or why not?
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During agarose gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move through the gel when electric current is applied?
because DNA is negatively charged
because a charged chemical from the loading buffer is bound to the DNA
because DNA is positively charged
because DNA absorbs electricity
Gel electrophoresis drives DNA along an electrical current from a negative electrode to a positive electrode. This is because DNA is a negatively charged molecule. Do you think that gel electrophoresis would function differently if DNA was positively charged? How so? Why?
What do you mean by amphoteric substance?
Give examples of substance that is/are amphoteric.
What is the purpose of the power supply in gel electrophoresis?
Among the short and long strand of DNA, which moves the farthest in the gel and why?
What is the purpose of buffer in agarose gel electrophoresis?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Ch. 10 - Would an experiment similar to that performed by...Ch. 10 - In sea urchin DNA, which is double stranded, 17.5...Ch. 10 - German measles results from an infection of the...Ch. 10 - Smallpox, a once highly lethal contagious disease,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2CSCh. 10 - Prob. 3CSCh. 10 - Prob. 4CSCh. 10 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we first focused...Ch. 10 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 10 - Discuss the reasons proteins were generally...
Ch. 10 - Prob. 4PDQCh. 10 - When Avery and his colleagues had obtained what...Ch. 10 - Why were 32P and 35S chosen for use in the...Ch. 10 - Does the design of the HersheyChase experiment...Ch. 10 - What observations are consistent with the...Ch. 10 - What are the exceptions to the general rule that...Ch. 10 - Draw the chemical structure of the three...Ch. 10 - How are the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the...Ch. 10 - Adenine may also be named 6-amino purine. How...Ch. 10 - Draw the chemical structure of a dinucleotide...Ch. 10 - Describe the various characteristics of the...Ch. 10 - What evidence did Watson and Crick have at their...Ch. 10 - What might Watson and Crick have concluded had...Ch. 10 - How do covalent bonds differ from hydrogen bonds?...Ch. 10 - List three main differences between DNA and RNA.Ch. 10 - What are the three major types of RNA molecules?...Ch. 10 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 10 - What is the physical state of DNA after it is...Ch. 10 - What is the hyperchromic effect? How is it...Ch. 10 - Why is Tm related to base composition?Ch. 10 - What is the chemical basis of molecular...Ch. 10 - What did the WatsonCrick model suggest about the...Ch. 10 - A genetics student was asked to draw the chemical...Ch. 10 - Considering the information in this chapter on B-...Ch. 10 - One of the most common spontaneous lesions that...Ch. 10 - In some organisms, cytosine is methylated at...Ch. 10 - Because of its rapid turnaround time, fluorescent...Ch. 10 - Prob. 31PDQCh. 10 - Prob. 32ESPCh. 10 - Newsdate: March 1, 2030. A unique creature has...Ch. 10 - Prob. 34PDQCh. 10 - During gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules can...Ch. 10 - Electrophoresis is an extremely useful procedure...Ch. 10 - Following is a table (modified from Kropinski,...
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- A piece of DNA is cut into four fragments as shown below. A solution containing the four fragments is placed in a single well at the top of an agarose gel. Using the information given below, draw (below the well) how you think the fragments will be aligned on the gel following electrophoresis. Label each fragment with its corresponding letter. Remember, each band on the gel will be the same width, equal to the width of the well at the top of the gel. These should all be in one lane. What is it about the chemistry of DNA that causes it to be uniformly negatively charged?arrow_forwardA piece of DNA is cut into four fragments as shown below. A solution containing the four fragments is placed in a single well at the top of an agarose gel. Using the information given below, draw (below the well) how you think the fragments will be aligned on the gel following electrophoresis. Label each fragment with its corresponding letter. Remember, each band on the gel will be the same width, equal to the width of the well at the top of the gel. These should all be in one lane. What if you had two different DNA fragments that were exactly the same length as measured in base-pairs. Would it be possible to distinguish them using this type of electrophoresis? How would they appear on a gel?arrow_forwardBoth protein and DNA are run together in an isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis using the immobilised pH gradient (IPG) strip with pH range of 4-7. After the electrophoresis and staining, only ONE band is observed on the middle of the IPG strip. The band is a protein band. Briefly explain why only the protein band and NOT the DNA band appear on the IPG strip.arrow_forward
- Explain why DNA fragments migrate in a gel electrophoresis. Which fragments migrate farthest: large or small?arrow_forwardPut the following pieces of DNA in order that they would appear reading from the top (nearest the loading point) to the bottom of a gel, with "first" meaning nearest the top. First [ Choqse [Choose] 21,000 basepairs (bp) Second 10,000 bp 23 kilobases (kB) 18 kB 2,300 bp Third [Choose ] Fourth [ Choose] [Choose] Fifth > >arrow_forwardWhen proteins are separated using native gel electrophoresis, size, shape, and charge control their rate of migration on the gel. Why does DNA separate based on size, and why do we not worry much about shape or charge?arrow_forward
- A piece of DNA is cut into four fragments as shown below. A solution containing the four fragments is placed in a single well at the top of an agarose gel. Using the information given below, draw (below the well) how you think the fragments will be aligned on the gell following electrophoresis. Label each fragment with its corresponding letter. Each band on the gel will be the same width, equal to the width of the well at the top of the gell. These should be in one lane. Do smaller or larger (pb) fragments migrate the furthest? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly describes a possible scenario during a run of gel electrophoresis with DNA samples? Because DNA molecules are positively-charged due to the phosphate groups in their backbone, DNA fragements will migrate from the anode to the cathode. Because DNA molecules are negatively-charged due to the phosphate groups in their backbone, DNA fragments will migrate from the anode to the cathode. O Shorter fragments of DNA are lighter. Hence, they move faster through the gel and travel the farthest from the wells. Larger fragments of DNA move faster through the gel and travel the farthest from the wells.arrow_forwardHow many times wider is a 30 nm fiber than a DNA double helix? Show your work.arrow_forward
- How Can Fragments of DNA Be Separated From One Another? Agarose gel electrophoresis is a procedure used to separate DNA fragments based on their sizes. DNA is an acid and has many negative electrical charges due to the negatively charged phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Scientists have used this fact to modify chromatography to separate pieces of DNA. A solution containing a mixture of DNA fragments of variable sizes is placed into a small well formed in an agarose gel (that has a texture similar to gelatin). An electric current causes the negatively-charged DNA molecules to move towards the positive electrode. Imagine the gel as a strainer with tiny pores that allow small particles to move through it very quickly. The larger the size of the particles, however, the slower they are strained through the gel. After a period of exposure to the electrical current, the DNA fragments will sort themselves out by size. Fragments that are the same size will tend to move together through the gel…arrow_forwardIn DNA and plasmid extraction using the kit method, silica membrane is used. How could the nucleic acid attach to the membrane? O by phosphodiester bonding to the silica matrix O by hydrogen bonding in high salt conditions O by covalent bonding between nucleic acid and silica O by hydrophobic bonding in high chaotrophic salt conditionsarrow_forwardHow are DNA molecules visualized in a gel after electrophoresis? Why do DNA molecules migrate toward the + electrode? What determines the rate of their migration? What is the effect of PEG on DNA fragments of different sizes? How is this influenced by the concentration of PEG?arrow_forward
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