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RECALL Define replication, transcription, and translation.
Interpretation:
The terms “replication,” “transcription,” and “translation” are to be defined.
Concept introduction:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material present inside the nucleus of a cell. The cell division process involves the formation of new cells and the copying of DNA into the new cells before cell division. The cells synthesize a new copy of DNA in the S phase of the cell cycle.
DNA contains all the information and regulates all the processes occurring in the body of a living organism. It is a double-stranded molecule consisting of two polynucleotide chains that run in the antiparallel polarity.
Answer to Problem 1RE
Solution:
Replication is the process of the formation of new DNA using the template DNA by the DNA polymerase enzyme. Transcription is the process by which RNA (ribonucleic acid) is formed from DNA. Translation is the process in which the synthesis of proteins occurs, which is directed by the mRNA (messenger RNA)
Explanation of Solution
Replication is a biological process by which a copy of the DNA is produced by using the template DNA. The template DNA serves as a guide to determine the sequence of a nitrogen base and the formed strand of DNA that contains the complementary bases to that of the template DNA.
DNA is used to synthesize RNA, the process of which is known as transcription. Transcription also uses a DNA template to determine the sequence of RNA, but, in the place of thymine, uracil is paired with adenine in RNA. RNA is single stranded and used to form proteins.
The formation of protein from RNA is known as translation. The messenger RNA (mRNA) acts as the template, the transfer RNA (tRNA) carries the amino acids, and the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays a structural and catalytic role in protein synthesis.
Therefore, it can be concluded that replication is the formation of DNA, transcription is the formation of RNA from DNA, and translation is the formation of proteins from mRNA. The process of translation needs other RNAs as well.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Biochemistry
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BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage Learning