Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The molecular formula of lactic acid should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The molecular formula of any molecule explains about the atoms present in it along with the numbers of atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
The functional groups are the atoms or groups of atom which undergoes some chemical transformation in organic molecules. These chemical transformations are very important part of organic compounds because of these functional units, organic compounds are divided.
(c)
Interpretation:
The bond angles of carbon atoms of Lactic acid should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The bond angles are angles occurring in between the bonds forming atoms of molecules. This bond angles can be determined with the help of VSEPR model that shows the regions of electron density around the atoms.
(d)
Interpretation:
The polar and nonpolar bonds of lactic acid should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Polar bonds are bonds in which electronegativity difference of atoms is in range of 0.5 and 1.4. Nonpolar bonds are bonds with electronegativity difference of less than 0.5.
(e)
Interpretation:
The polarity of lactic acid molecule should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Polarity of any molecule depends on electronegativity of atoms that forms covalent bonds. Depending upon the difference in electronegativity of atoms, polar or nonpolar molecule is determined. Polar molecule has electronegativity between 0.5 and 1.4 whereas in nonpolar molecule, it is less than 0.5.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
- TRUE OR FALSE All atoms play a role in the physicochemical and pharmacologic properties of a molecule. Sophistication and advancement in technology are the main driving forces of drug development. Organic medicinal chemistry is the study of matter, specifically, all carbon-containing compounds. A functional group will always have the same physicochemical properties, regardless of its neighboring atoms in a molecular structure. Addition of a single methyl group in a drug molecule may result to changes in physical, chemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacologic properties. Steric effects occur when bulky and large functional groups are near each other in a molecular structure. Molecules that are highly capable of hydrogen bonding tend to be more soluble in nonpolar solvents.arrow_forwardORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND STRUCTURES Interpreting the skeletal structure of a neutral organic molecule Answer the questions in the table below about this molecule: H. What is this molecule's chemical formula? Note: write the simplest molecular chemical formula, in which each element symbol appears only once. |CH3 CH2 How many CH,, CH,, and CH groups are in this molecule? 2' 3' CH 1IIarrow_forwardDecide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion CO₂ CH₂ F N₂ polar or nonpolar? polar nonpolar polar nonpolar polar nonpolar X atom closest to negative side 0 0 Śarrow_forward
- Payal benarrow_forwardFor each compound in the table below, decide whether there would be any hydrogen-bonding force between molecules of the compound, or between molecules of the compound and molecules of water. compound hydrogen-bonding force Between Between molecules of formula or Lewis molecules of the the compound and molecules of water? name structure compound? :0: || Н — С — о— Н yes yes formic acid no no yes О yes iodomethane CH,I no no H H yes yes dimethyl ether Н — С — - C -H no no H H O O ОО :o:arrow_forwardDecide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion F₂ CH₂ F CO2 polar or nonpolar? polar nonpolar polar nonpolar polar nonpolar atom closest to negative sidearrow_forward
- Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion HC1 H₂S CH4 polar or nonpolar? polar nonpolar polar nonpolar polar nonpolar X atom closest to negative side 0 0 Śarrow_forwardDecide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCI and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion HCI CO₂ CH₂Cl polar or nonpolar? O polar O nonpolar O polar O nonpolar O polar O nonpolar atom closest to negative side X 0 0arrow_forwardDecide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HC1 and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion HCN CH 4 HI polar or nonpolar? polar nonpolar polar nonpolar polar nonpolar atom closest to negative sidearrow_forward
- Name 5 common organic compounds that are found in your home. Draw their Lewis structures and give their molecular formula. Encircle and identify the functional group/s that is/ are present in each molecule. Write your answers in another sheet of paper. Ex. Acetic acid in vinegar Substance Molecular formula Lewis structure CH,COOH - more preferable H-C+C 0-H Acetic acid C2H4O2 in vinegar H Carboxylic acid エーO-エarrow_forwardFor the following molecules, sketch the three-dimensional shape, describe the molecular geometry of each central atom, and describe bond angles around each central atom. H2S O3 CHF3 HClO3 (the hydrogen is bonded to an oxygen) CH3NH2 For each molecule in problem 1, determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar. If polar, indicate the molecular polarity with the arrow that has the plus sign. If nonpolar, write this for the molecule (there is no symbol for nonpolar).arrow_forwardDecide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion NH₂ CS₂ F₂ polar or nonpolar? polar O nonpolar O polar O nonpolar O polar nonpolar X atom closest to negative sidearrow_forward
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