General Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809261
Author: John E. McMurry, Robert C. Fay
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 10.44SP
The class of ions
- (a) Draw a structure for a
- (b) Draw a structure for a
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Ammonia, NH3, reacts with incredibly strong bases to producethe amide ion, NH2-. Ammonia can also react with acidsto produce the ammonium ion, NH4+. (a) Which species(amide ion, ammonia, or ammonium ion) has the largestH¬N¬H bond angle? (b) Which species has the smallestH¬N¬H bond angle?
Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is used in the electronics industry to clean surfaces. NF3 is also a potent greenhouse gas.
(A) Draw the Lewis structure of NF3 and determine its molecular geometry.
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. Assume that the third-period element phosphorus forms a diatomic molecule, P2, in an analogous way as nitrogen does to form N2. (a) Write the electronic configuration for P2. Use [Ne2] to represent the electron configuration for the first two periods. (b) Calculate its bond order. (c) What are its magnetic properties (diamagnetic or paramagnetic)?
Chapter 10 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 10.1 - The dipole moment of HF is = 1.83 D, and the bond...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 10.2PCh. 10.1 - Prob. 10.3CPCh. 10.1 - Prob. 10.4CPCh. 10.2 - Prob. 10.5PCh. 10.2 - Prob. 10.6PCh. 10.4 - Prob. 10.7PCh. 10.4 - Chloroform (CHCl3) has Hvap = 29.2 kJ/mol and Svap...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 10.9PCh. 10.5 - Prob. 10.10P
Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 10.11PCh. 10.8 - Prob. 10.12PCh. 10.8 - Prob. 10.13PCh. 10.8 - Prob. 10.14CPCh. 10.9 - Prob. 10.15PCh. 10.9 - Prob. 10.16CPCh. 10.11 - Prob. 10.17PCh. 10.11 - Prob. 10.18PCh. 10.11 - Prob. 10.19CPCh. 10.11 - Prob. 10.20PCh. 10.11 - Prob. 10.21PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.22CPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.23CPCh. 10 - Zinc sulfide, or sphalerite, crystallizes in the...Ch. 10 - Perovskite, a mineral containing calcium, oxygen,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.26CPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.27CPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.28CPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.30CPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.31CPCh. 10 - Why dont all molecules with polar covalent bonds...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.33SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.34SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.35SPCh. 10 - Methanol (CH3OH; bp = 65 C) boils nearly 230 C...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.37SPCh. 10 - Which of the following substances would you expect...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.39SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.40SPCh. 10 - The dipole moment of ClF is 0.887 D and the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.42SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.43SPCh. 10 - The class of ions PtX42, where X is a halogen, has...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.45SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.46SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.47SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.48SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.49SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.50SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.51SPCh. 10 - Mercury has mp = 38.8 C and bp = 356.6 C. What, if...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.53SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.54SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.55SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.56SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.57SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.58SPCh. 10 - How much energy in kilojoules is released when...Ch. 10 - Draw a molar heating curve for ethanol, C2H5OH,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.61SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.62SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.63SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.64SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.65SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.66SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.67SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.68SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.69SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.70SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.71SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.72SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.73SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.74SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.75SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.76SPCh. 10 - Which of the substances diamond, Hg, Cl2, glass,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.78SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.79SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.80SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.81SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.82SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.83SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.84SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.85SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.86SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.87SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.88SPCh. 10 - Sodium has a density of 0.971 g/cm3 and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.90SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.91SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.92SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.93SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.94SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.95SPCh. 10 - Look at the phase diagram of CO2 in Figure 10.29,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.97SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.98SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.99SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.100SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.101SPCh. 10 - Does solid oxygen (Problem 10.99) melt when...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.103SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.104SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.105SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.106SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.107SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.108CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.109CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.110CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.111CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.112CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.113CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.114CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.115CHPCh. 10 - Magnesium metal has Hfusion = 9.037 kJ/mol and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.117CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.118CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.119CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.120CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.121CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.122CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.123CHPCh. 10 - Calculate the percent volume occupied by the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.125CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.126CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.127CHPCh. 10 - A drawing of the NaCl unit cell is shown in Figure...Ch. 10 - Niobium oxide crystallizes in the following cubic...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.130CHPCh. 10 - One form of silver telluride (Ag2Te) crystallizes...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.132CHPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.133MPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.134MPCh. 10 - A group 3A metal has a density of 2.70 g/cm3 and a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.136MP
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- Explain why CF4 and Xef4 are nonpolar compounds (have no net dipole moments) while SF4 is polar (has a net dipo le moment). Is CO2 polar? What about COS?arrow_forward2(a) Provide the Lewis structures for both CH3OH and C2H3Cl. 2(b) What is the largest bond angle among all the bond angles in CH3OH and C2H3Cl? Listthe three atoms making this largest bond angle, and estimate the value of the angle.2(c) What intermolecular forces are present(i) between CH3OH molecules?(ii) between C2H3Cl molecules?arrow_forwardChemical species are said to be isoelectronic if they have the same Lewis structure (regardless of charge). Consider these ions and write a Lewis structure for a neutral molecule that is isoelectronic with them. (a) CN–, (b) NH4+ (c) CO3 2–arrow_forward
- 4. (a) Draw the shape of the atomic valence orbitals formed by the overlaping of two fluoride 2p atomic orbitals. (b) Draw the molecular orbital diagrams for F2 and F2*. Identify their bond order and magnetic properties. (c) An unstable nucleus exhibit radioactivity. (i) Explain how the number of protons and neutrons in a radioactive nucleus can be used to predict its probable mode decay. (ii) Illustrate your answer in (i) with a schematic graph.arrow_forward(a) How does a polar molecule differ from a nonpolar one? (b) Atoms X and Y have different electronegativities. Will the diatomic molecule X—Y necessarily be polar? Explain. (c) What factors affect the size of the dipole moment of a diatomic molecule?arrow_forward(a) Methane (CH4) and the perchlorate ion (ClO4- ) are bothdescribed as tetrahedral. What does this indicate about theirbond angles? (b) The NH3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, while BF3 is trigonal planar. Which of these molecules is flat?arrow_forward
- (a) Find the angle u between adjacent nearest-neighbor bonds in the silicon lattice. Recall that each silicon atom is bonded to four of its nearest neighbors.The four neighbors form a regular tetrahedron— a pyramid whose sides and base are equilateral triangles. (b) Find the bond length, given that the atoms at the corners of the tetrahedron are 388 pm apart.arrow_forwardThere are two main types of covalent bond breakage. In ho-molytic breakage , each atom in the bond gets one of the shared electrons. In some cases, the electronega-tivity of adjacent atoms affects the bond energy. In heterolytic breakage, one atom gets both electrons and the other gets none;thus, a cation and an anion form. (a) Why is the C−C bond in H₃C−CF₃(423 kJ/mol) strongerthan that in H₃C−CH₃(376 kJ/mol)?(b) Use bond energy and any other data to calculate the heat ofreaction for the heterolytic cleavage of O₂.arrow_forwardFor a N H 4 + ion, identify its molecular shape, bond angle, and hybrid orbitals.arrow_forward
- Consider the molecules SCl₂, F₂, CS₂, CF₄, and BrCl.(a) Which has bonds that are the most polar?(b) Which have a molecular dipole moment?arrow_forwardThe sulfate ion can be represented with four S-O bonds or with two S-O and two So=O bonds.(a) Which representation is better from the standpoint of formal charges?(b) What is the shape of the sulfate ion, and what hybrid orbitals of S are postulated for the σ bonding?(c) In view of the answer to part (b), what orbitals of S must be used for the π bonds? What orbitals of O?(d) Draw a diagram to show how one atomic orbital from S and one from O overlap to form a π bond.arrow_forwardMolecules can be polar because of the unsymmetrical distribution of electrons. The dipole moment, μ Q r μ=Q×r The SI unit of dipole moment is the coulomb-meter (C⋅m), but another common unit is the debye (D). The two are related as 3.336×10^−30 C⋅m=1 D The percent ionic character is a comparison of the measured dipole moment of the bond to the expected dipole moment if electrons are instead transferred: %ionic character=measured dipole/if electrons transferred×100% The dipole moment if electrons are completely transferred is one for which a full unit of charge (1.60×10^−19 C) exists on each end of the bond. The dipole measured for HI is 0.380 D. The bond distance is 161 pm. What is the percent ionic character of the HI bond? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Describe the molecular dipole of OCl2.arrow_forward
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