Concept explainers
Videos
(a)
The sensing
Answer to Problem 10.1P
A traffic light can be either closed or open loop system. If it has a sensor to detect the number of vehicles, it is a closed loop system.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
To consider a Traffic light as a device
A device or process is said to be in a closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. Traffic light can be either closed or open loop system. If it has a sensor to detect the number of vehicles, it is a closed-loop system.
Conclusion:
Traffic light can be either closed or open loop system. If it has a sensor to detect number of vehicles, it is a closed loop system.
(b)
The sensing mechanism in Washing machine and discuss whether it is closed loop or open system.
Answer to Problem 10.1P
Some Washing machines have closed loop system if a sensor is present and some others have open loop system without a sensor.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
To consider a Washing machine as a device
A device or process is said to be in closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. If a washing machine has a sensor to detect water level, dirt and for adjusting the frequency of cycles then such washing machines have a closed loop system else washing machines have a open loop system.
Conclusion:
Some Washing machines have a closed loop system if a sensor is present and some others have open loop system without a sensor.
(c)
The sensing mechanism in Toaster and discuss whether it is an open or closed loop system.
Answer to Problem 10.1P
If a Toaster has a sensor to detect the required temperature it is closed loop system else open loop system.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
To consider a Toaster as a device
A device or process is said to be in closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. If a Toaster has a sensor to detect the required temperature then it is a closed loop system else an open loop system.
Conclusion:
If a Toaster has a sensor to detect the required temperature, then it is a closed loop system or else a open loop system.
(d)
The sensing mechanism in a cruise control and discuss whether it is open or closed loop system.
Answer to Problem 10.1P
A Cruise control has a sensor to control the speed of the vehicle by controlling the engine. Hence it is a closed loop system.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
To consider a Cruise control as a device
A device or process is said to be in a closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. A Cruise control has a sensor to control the speed of the vehicle by controlling the engine. Hence it is a closed loop system.
Conclusion:
A Cruise control has a sensor to control the speed of the vehicle by controlling the engine. Hence it is a closed loop system.
(e)
The sensing mechanism in an Aircraft autopilot and discuss whether it is an open or closed loop system.
Answer to Problem 10.1P
An Aircraft autopilot has a sensor to detect various parameters and the control of the system without continuous interference of the pilot and hence is a closed loop system.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
To consider an Aircraft autopilot as a device
A device or process is said to be in a closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. An Aircraft autopilot has a sensor to detect various parameters and the control the system without continuous interference of the pilot. Hence it is a closed loop system
Conclusion:
An Aircraft autopilot has a sensor to detect various parameters and the control of the system without continuous interference of the pilot and hence it is a closed loop system.
(f)
The sensing mechanism in human body and discuss whether it is open or closed loop system.
Answer to Problem 10.1P
A Temperature regulator in a human body has a sensor to detect temperature and maintain it around 98. 6F in the environment. Hence it is a closed loop system.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
To consider a Temperature regulator in a human body as a device
A device or process is said to be in a closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. A Temperature regulation in a human body has a sensor to detect temperature and maintain it around 98. 6F in the environment. Hence, it is a closed loop system.
Conclusion:
Different devices have sensing mechanisms depending on their application. They may be closed or open loop systems. A Temperature regulator in a human body has a sensor to detect temperature and maintain it around 98. 6F in the environment. Hence it is a closed loop system.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 10 Solutions
System Dynamics
- got wrong answers help pleasearrow_forwardA crate weighs 530 lb and is hung by three ropes attached to a steel ring at A such that the top surface is parallel to the xy plane. Point A is located at a height of h = 42 in above the top of the crate directly over the geometric center of the top surface. Use the dimensions given in the table below to determine the tension in each of the three ropes. 2013 Michael Swanbom cc00 BY NC SA ↑ Z C b B У a D Values for dimensions on the figure are given in the following table. Note the figure may not be to scale. Variable Value a 30 in b 43 in 4.5 in The tension in rope AB is 383 x lb The tension in rope AC is 156 x lb The tension in rope AD is 156 x lbarrow_forwardA block of mass m hangs from the end of bar AB that is 7.2 meters long and connected to the wall in the xz plane. The bar is supported at A by a ball joint such that it carries only a compressive force along its axis. The bar is supported at end B by cables BD and BC that connect to the xz plane at points C and D respectively with coordinates given in the figure. Cable BD is elastic and can be modeled as a linear spring with a spring constant k = 400 N/m and unstretched length of 6.34 meters. Determine the mass m, the compressive force in beam AB and the tension force in cable BC. Z C D (c, 0, d) (a, 0, b) A B y f m cc 10 BY NC SA 2016 Eric Davishahl x Values for dimensions on the figure are given in the following table. Note the figure may not be to scale. Variable Value a 8.1 m b 3.3 m с 2.7 m d 3.9 m e 2 m f 5.4 m The mass of the block is 68.8 The compressive force in bar AB is 364 × kg. × N. The tension in cable BC is 393 × N.arrow_forward
- The airplane weighs 144100 lbs and flies at constant speed and trajectory given by 0 on the figure. The plane experiences a drag force of 73620 lbs. 0 a.) If 11.3°, determine the thrust and lift forces = required to maintain this speed and trajectory. b.) Next consider the case where is unknown, but it is known that the lift force is equal to 7.8 times the quantity (Fthrust Fdrag). Compute the resulting trajectory angle and the lift force in this case. Use the same values for the weight and drag forces as you used for part a. 20. YAAY' Farag Ө Fthrust CC + BY NC SA 2013 Michael Swanbom Flift Fweight The lift force acts in the y' direction. The weight acts in the negative y direction. The thrust and drag forces act in the positive and negative x' directions respectively. Part (a) The thrust force is equal to 101,855 ☑ lbs. The lift force is equal to 141,282 ☑ lbs. Part (b) The trajectory angle 0 is equal to 7.31 ✓ deg. The lift force is equal to 143,005 ☑ lbs.arrow_forwardsimply supported beam has a concentrated moment M, applied at the left support and a concentrated force F applied at the free end of the overhang on the right. Using superposition, determine the deflection equations in regions AB and BC.arrow_forwardwhat is heat exchanger, what are formulas, and their importance, define the diagram, and give me a script on how to explain the design of heat exchanger, and how did values end up in that number. based on standards . what is dshellarrow_forward
- FIGURE P1.37 1.38 WP As shown in Figure P1.38, an inclined manometer is used to measure the pressure of the gas within the reservoir, (a) Using data on the figure, determine the gas pressure, in lbf/in.² (b) Express the pressure as a gage or a vacuum pressure, as appropriate, in lbf/in.² (c) What advantage does an inclined manometer have over the U-tube manometer shown in Figure 1.7? Patm = 14.7 lbf/in.² L I C i Gas a Oil (p = 54.2 lb/ft³) 140° 8=32.2 ft/s² 15 in.arrow_forwardwhat is an low pressure Heater, what are formulas, and their importance, define the diagram, and give me a script on how to explain the design of an air preheater, and how did values end up in that number. based on standardsarrow_forwardwhat is an air preheater, what are formulas, and their importance, define the diagram, and give me a script on how to explain the design of an air preheater, and how did values end up in that number. based on standardsarrow_forward
- Qf, Qa,Qm, Qcon,Qfg, Qbd, Qref,Qloss ( meaning, formula, percentage, and importance of higher value na qf, qa etc)arrow_forwardThe beam is supported by a fixed support at point C and a roller at point A. It also has an internal hinge at point B. The beam supports a point load at point D, a moment at point A and a distributed load on segment BC. a. calculate the support reactions at points A and C b. calculate the internal resultant loadings (N, V, M) at points E and F, which lies in the middle between points A and D P = 4 kip Ma = 5 kip-ft w1 = 3 kip/ft and w2 = 4 kip/ft a = 3 ftarrow_forwardFrom the image of the pyramid, I want to find what s1 hat, s2 hat, and s3 hat are. I think s3 hat is just equal to e3 hat right? What about the others?arrow_forward
Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY