Introduction To Health Physics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780071835275
Author: Johnson, Thomas E. (thomas Edward), Cember, Herman.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.17P
To determine
The thickness of standard concrete.
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In a diagnostic x-ray procedure, 5.25×1010 photons are absorbed by tissue with a mass of 0.590 kg. The x-ray wavelength is 2.00×10−2 nm.
A) What is the total energy absorbed by the tissue?
Express your answer in millijoules.
B) What is the equivalent dose in rem?
Express your answer in rem.
The HVL for Pb for a particular energy x-ray is 0.1mm. By how much will an x-ray beam be reduced, if a lead sheet 1.5mm thick is placed in its path?
Lead (density 11.34 g/cm³) and concrete (density 2.4 g/cm³) are highly effective materias in radiation shielding.
a) What thickness of lead in cm is required to reduce the intensity of a 0.2 MeV gamma ray beam by a
factor of 1000.
b) What is the thickness of concrete in cm equivalent to that thickness of lead?
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- The electrical power output of a large nuclear reactor facility is 900 MW. It has a 35.0% efficiency in converting nuclear power to electrical. (a) What is the thermal nuclear power output in megawatts? (b) How many 235U nuclei fission each second, assuming the average fission produces 200 MeV? (c) What mass of 235U is fissioned in one year of fullpower operation?arrow_forwardA neutron generator uses an (source, such as radium, to bombard beryllium, inducing the reaction 4He+9Be12C+n. Such neutron sources are called RaBe sources, 0r PuBe sources if they use plutonium to get the (s. Calculate the energy output of the reaction in MeV.arrow_forwardCT scanners do not detect details smaller than about 0.5 Is this limitation clue to the wavelength of x lays? Explain.arrow_forward
- What is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1 Gy xray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c) 1.5 mGy of exposure?arrow_forwardT1arrow_forwardIn a diagnostic x-ray procedure, 5.00 * 1010 photons are absorbed by tissue with a mass of 0.600 kg. The x-ray wavelength is 0.0200 nm. (a) What is the total energy absorbed by the tissue? (b) What is the equivalent dose in rem?arrow_forward
- A beam of 2 Mev neutrons is incident on a slab of heavy water (D2O). The total cross-sections of deuterium and oxygen at this energy are 2.6 b and 1.6 b, respectively. A) What is the macroscopic total cross section of D2O at 2 Mev? B) How thick must the slab be to reduce the intensity of uncollided beam by a factor of 10? C) If an incident neutron has a collision in the slab, what is the relative probability that it collides with deuterium?arrow_forwardWhat is the frequency of 1 MeV gamam ray? Planks contant( 4.14*10^-15)arrow_forwardWhat is the ratio of the velocity of a 5.00-MeV β ray to that of an α particle with the same kinetic energy? This should confirm that β s travel much faster than α s even when relativity is taken into consideration.arrow_forward
- decay in the discharging process to half of its maximum (V = Vo/2). This time is the half-life: t1= t1/2. 20.82 ms, 3.977v T1= 1.4 m/s Measure the time it takes for the voltage to decay to one-quarter (V = Vo/4 = (Vo/2)2) of its maximum. This is two half-lives: t2 = 2t1/2. Then divide this time by two to find the half-life (t1/2 = t2/2) 20.2-24.00 = 3.2 T2 = 3.2/2 = 1.6m/s Measure the time it takes for the voltage to grow to one-eighth (V = Vo/8 = (Vo/2)3) of its This is three half-lives, t3 = 3t1/2. Then divide this time by three to find the half-life, t1/2 = t3/3. 20.8 – 22.28= 1.48m/s T3= 1.48/3 = 0.49 m/s Take the average of the three measured values of the half-life. Estimate the precision of the measurement and state it as {half-life ± precision}…arrow_forwardFree neutrons have a decay constant of 1.10 × 10-3 s-'. If the de Broglie wavelength of the neutrons in a parallel beam is 1 nm, determine the distance from the source where the beam intensity has dropped to half its starting value.arrow_forwardWhat fraction of 5-MeV alpha particles will be scattered through an angle greater than 8° from a gold foil (Z=79, density = 19.3 g/cm^3) of thickness of 10^-8m?arrow_forward
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