Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118743164
Author: Jacquelyn G. Black, Laura J. Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 1, Problem 5CTQ
The completion of chromosomal mapping and sequencing of genes in the Human Genome Project has been one of humanity’s greatest accomplishments, yet it really serves as just the beginning for a new era of genomic science.
- (a) Can you think of new burgeoning fields of science that will result from the newly acquired sequencing data?
- (b) Antibiotics are effective because of their selective killing of bacterial and not animal cells. Can you think of ways in which comparing bacterial genomes to the human genome might result in additional cures of bacterial infections/diseases?
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 1 - List three reasons to study microbiology.Ch. 1 - What is the difference between microbiology and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3SCCh. 1 - List five bacterial diseases and five viral...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2.1SCCh. 1 - State the germ theory of disease. Try to think of...Ch. 1 - How did Pasteurs experiment with swan-necked...Ch. 1 - Why was the French microbiologists method of broth...Ch. 1 - What were the scientific contributions of Jenner,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3.2SC
Ch. 1 - What is the Human Genome Project? How has...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 1 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 1 - Can you think of some reasons why it might be hard...Ch. 1 - As often happens in science, one observation or...Ch. 1 - It is likely that others beside Anton van...Ch. 1 - The completion of chromosomal mapping and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 1SQCh. 1 - Conclusive evidence of thriving microbial life has...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is not true? (a) A single...Ch. 1 - Which is false regarding Archaea? (a) They lack a...Ch. 1 - Why are microbes important to study and how are...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6SQCh. 1 - Prob. 7SQCh. 1 - Animals such as worms and ticks are too large to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9SQCh. 1 - Prob. 10SQCh. 1 - What triggered the development and establishment...Ch. 1 - Prob. 12SQCh. 1 - Prob. 13SQCh. 1 - The biggest obstacle in the acceptance and...Ch. 1 - Match the following terms to the appropriate...Ch. 1 - Prob. 16SQCh. 1 - Prob. 17SQCh. 1 - Prob. 18SQCh. 1 - Describe the contributions of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20SQCh. 1 - Prob. 21SQCh. 1 - Prob. 22SQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In 1995, Hamilton Smith, Craig Venter and co-workers published the first complete genome sequence of a self-sustaining organism, that of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed that the organism does not have a gene that could encode a telomerase enzyme. What is the potential evolutionary consequence of this? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardBioinformatics includes all of the following except (A) using computer programs to align DNA sequences. (B) using DNA technology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube. (C) developing computer-based tools for genome analysis. (D) using mathematical tools to make sense of biological systems.arrow_forward18) Ramachandran plot (how to read it) 19 )Rotations around bonds in a peptide sequence 20) DNA and RNA based techniques 21) Difference between DNA and RNA 22) PCR 23) RT-PCR 24) DNA synthesis and sequencing 25) Restriction enzymes 26) Techniques to determine gene function 27) SDS-PAGE 28) Reading DNA, RNA and protein sequences 29) Cloning vectors 30) Stereoisomerism and amino acids 31) Protein and nucleotide based electrophoresis and blotting 32) Centrifugationarrow_forward
- Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectlypaired with its use?(A) electrophoresis—separation of DNA fragments(B) DNA ligase—cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments(C) DNA polymerase—polymerase chain reaction to amplifysections of DNA(D) reverse transcriptase—production of cDNA frommRNAarrow_forwardHigh-throughput DNA sequencing technology ... 1.) is far cheaper than Sanger sequencing on a per-basta basis. 2.)can generate millions or billions of base pairs of sequence data for each sample. 3.)often involves shotgun sequencing, in which random fragments of DNA from a sample (rather than a specific, targeted portion of the genome) are sequenced. 4.) All of the abovearrow_forwardDNA technology has many medical applications. Which of the following is not done routinely at present? (A) production of hormones for treating diabetes and dwarfism (B) analysis of gene expression for more informed cancer treatments (C) gene editing by the CRISPR-Cas9 system in viable human embryos to correct genetic diseases (D) prenatal identification of genetic disease allelesarrow_forward
- If you were to sequence a human genome today, how would the sequencing differ from that done during the Human Genome Project? Choose only the best answer. You would still use Sanger sequencing. You would still assemble the sequencing reads into a genome using bioinformatics. You still need to clone the DNA fragments prior to sequencing them. All three of the other statements are true.arrow_forwardMuch of what we know about the human microbiome – the microbial communities associated with various parts of our bodies – comes from genome sequencing. Here, DNA is extracted from all cells in samples collected from various body sites and randomly sequenced, typically generating huge volumes of short-read sequencing data. These reads thus represent a random, mixed snapshot of genes encoded within any cell in the original sample. As human cells are commonly collected along with the bacteria, researchers first remove human DNA sequences from the dataset. To do this, they computationally remove any reads that are highly similar to the human reference genome; the remaining gene sequences are then assumed to belong to the microbial community. Researchers studying the human microbiome have frequently been interested to find that these bacterial communities seem to contain a number of highly unusual genes that are unique to human-associated microbes. a) Briefly describe one feature of…arrow_forwardBiotechnology is a constantly developing field with many exciting applications. It focuses on the use of living organisms and their biological processes to make useful products and address practical problems. This includes advancements in clinical diagnostics, epidemiological tracking, forensics, industry, and many other areas. In this simulation, you will have the opportunity to perform molecular techniques commonly used in the field of biotechnology to create medically important compounds such as insulin and human growth hormone.Bacteria can obtain naked DNA from their environment in a process called transformation. This process occurs naturally but can also be used in the genetic engineering field to alter the genetic makeup of bacteria. In this simulation, you transform bacteria with a jellyfish gene whose product is green fluorescent protein. The transformed bacteria now have the genetic information to produce GFP (green fluorescent protein), causing them to glow green under…arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements concerning recombinantDNA technology is false?(a) Thus far, no illnesses in laboratory workers have beentraced to genetic recombinants.(b) Production of large amounts of proteins such as insulinand human growth hormone has been made possible us-ing recombinant DNA technology.(c) Recombinant DNA technology offers specific benefitsto the scientific, medical, and general populations.(d) Mutant strains of bacteria produced by genetic re-combination are often unable to survive in the naturalenvironment.(e) Recombinant DNA technology provides a high degreeof risk to the health of the general populations.arrow_forwardhttps://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/biotech-dna-technology/dna-cloning-tutorial/a/overview-dna-cloning That is the link for the example ^arrow_forwardA marine biologist and cancer researcher worked together to isolate the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from a sample of jellyfish DNA. Scientists have successfully inserted this gene into a cancerous tumor in humans in order for the tumor to glow so it can be more easily removed during surgery. Once extracted from the jellyfish, how can scientists produce multiple copies of the GFP gene for medical applications? 1. Gel electrophoresis 2. Polymerase chain reaction 3. Restriction enzyme digestion 4. Transgenic technologyarrow_forward
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Genome Annotation, Sequence Conventions and Reading Frames; Author: Loren Launen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWvYgGyqVys;License: Standard Youtube License