Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118743164
Author: Jacquelyn G. Black, Laura J. Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 1, Problem 3CTQ
As often happens in science, one observation or experiment that is used to look at one aspect or subdiscipline of science can lead to profound explanations or solutions in another aspect or discipline of science. Serendipity and experimental mistakes also play a role. Explain how this might apply to Angelina Hesse and the success of Robert Koch’s pure cultures. Louis Pasteur’s assistant and the success of the immunizations of chickens against chicken cholera, plus Alexander Fleming and Penicillium.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Robert Koch developed a set of criteria (postulates) for conclusively demonstrating the aetiology (specific cause) of an infectious disease. Which of the following is not a postulate?
The infectious agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro
The disease is reproduced when a pure culture of the infectious agent is inoculated into a new susceptible host
The infectious agent can be recovered from the experimentally-infected host
The infectious agent is present in most cases of the disease
Note that it is not appropriate to self-diagnose outside of a medical context and this is a completely hypothetical scenario.
Imagine you have a rash on your foot. You're concerned that it's an infection and inoculate a sample onto an agar plate. You wonder, How can I figure out whether the pathogen is a bacterium vs a eukaryote?
You decide to use lab supplies to get a basic understanding of the pathogen. Be specific about what tests you use and what you expect the results to be. Limit yourself to experiments we could do in our lab.
What is one experiment you could do, involving culturing the organism?
Note that it is not appropriate to self-diagnose outside of a medical context and this is a completely hypothetical scenario.
Imagine you have a rash on your foot. You're concerned that it's an infection and inoculate a sample onto an agar plate. You wonder, How can I figure out whether the pathogen is a bacterium vs a eukaryote?
You decide to use lab supplies to get a basic understanding of the pathogen. Be specific about what tests you use and what you expect the results to be. Limit yourself to experiments we could do in our lab.
What is a procedure you could do, involving making a slide of the organism?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 1 - List three reasons to study microbiology.Ch. 1 - What is the difference between microbiology and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3SCCh. 1 - List five bacterial diseases and five viral...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2.1SCCh. 1 - State the germ theory of disease. Try to think of...Ch. 1 - How did Pasteurs experiment with swan-necked...Ch. 1 - Why was the French microbiologists method of broth...Ch. 1 - What were the scientific contributions of Jenner,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3.2SC
Ch. 1 - What is the Human Genome Project? How has...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 1 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 1 - Can you think of some reasons why it might be hard...Ch. 1 - As often happens in science, one observation or...Ch. 1 - It is likely that others beside Anton van...Ch. 1 - The completion of chromosomal mapping and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 1SQCh. 1 - Conclusive evidence of thriving microbial life has...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is not true? (a) A single...Ch. 1 - Which is false regarding Archaea? (a) They lack a...Ch. 1 - Why are microbes important to study and how are...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6SQCh. 1 - Prob. 7SQCh. 1 - Animals such as worms and ticks are too large to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9SQCh. 1 - Prob. 10SQCh. 1 - What triggered the development and establishment...Ch. 1 - Prob. 12SQCh. 1 - Prob. 13SQCh. 1 - The biggest obstacle in the acceptance and...Ch. 1 - Match the following terms to the appropriate...Ch. 1 - Prob. 16SQCh. 1 - Prob. 17SQCh. 1 - Prob. 18SQCh. 1 - Describe the contributions of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20SQCh. 1 - Prob. 21SQCh. 1 - Prob. 22SQ
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- Discuss how the findings of Louis Pasteur may have inspired Joseph Lister’s development of aseptic techniques in surgical settings.arrow_forwardName two or more situations where Koch’s postulates are impossible to complete? In other words, what factors about a microbe or factors about a disease make it impossible for Koch's postulate to be performed with that microbe or disease?arrow_forwardDiscuss the contributions of Lister, Pasteur, and Koch to the germ theory of disease and the treatment or prevention of diseases. What other contributions did Koch make to microbiology?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a condition of Koch’s postulates?a. isolate the causative agent of a diseaseb. cultivate the microbe in a labc. inoculate a test animal to observe the diseased. test the effects of a pathogen on humansarrow_forwardA veterinarian suspects that a new disease of house cats is caused by a specific type of bacterium. Describe a set of procedures for providing this hypothesis. EXAMPLE GIVEN ON THE IMAGE.arrow_forwardIn terms of microbial pathogenicity, molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that show: A microbe is the aetiological agent of a disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to immunity to a disease A mutation does not contribute to diseasearrow_forward
- Which of the following is false/mismatched? a. Pasteur: disproves spontaneous generation of microbes b. Jenner: developed smallpox vaccine using cowpox virus c. Koch: develops 4 pre-requisites/postulates to prove a specific microbe causes a specific disease d.Ehrlich: discovers penicillin e.Fleming: discovers first antibiotic, made by the fungus Penicillium f. Lister: develop surgical antiseptic techniques ; uses carbolic acid to prevent infections in surgical patients g. Ehrlich: describes the concept of "magic bullets" h. Semmelweiss: develops fırst rabies vaccine O c, d, e, f, g O d,h O a, b, c, d, e, f, O e, f, garrow_forwardCreate a timeline of historical figures and their contributions that have informed our modern understanding and practice of microbiology from the 1600s to today. The timeline must include the dates and contributions of the following people: Linnaeus, Antony van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, Louis Pasteur, Francesco Redi, Robert Koch, Charles, Darwin, Joseph Lister, Carl Woese, and Kary Mullis.arrow_forwardYou work in a microbiology lab has been assigned to make routine identifications of Citrobacter freundii, Lactobacillus casei,Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Using the dichotomous keys write up a lab protocol that everyone in your lab can use to identify these four organisms from the samples that your lab will receive. Create a Dichotomous Key(s) and an explanation.arrow_forward
- Attached below is the study about the effects of handwashing and the effectiveness of soap against bacteria. What conclusions can be generated from this result? A C before washing hands 10 second hand wash B D hot water only rinse 30 second hand wash Figure 8: Agar plates with bacteria A) before washing hands B) after rinsing hands in hot water C) After washing hands with soap for 10 seconds and D) after washing hands for 30 seconds. Images show that the number of bacteria on the plate are not greatly reduced after a hot water rinse or 10 second handwash but bacterial levels are reduced after a proper hand wash for 30 seconds.arrow_forwardList the main features of Koch's postulates and then explain how it's difficult to prove them for certain diseases?arrow_forwardthe following are the steps, listed in random order, for utilizing koch's postulates. what should be the second step out of the four listed? a. a microorganism is found to be present in every case of a disease. b. the same microbe discovered previously is isolated from the purposely infected host c. the pathogen is isolated and grown in pure culture d. the same disease results after isolated organism is inoculated into healthy hostarrow_forward
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