Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118743164
Author: Jacquelyn G. Black, Laura J. Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 1, Problem 2.1SC
Summary Introduction
To explain: The differences and similarities in comparing the past epidemics of play with today’s AIDS epidemic.
Introduction: An epidemic is defined as the rapid spreading of infectious disease with a short time period to a large number of individuals. It occurs when the susceptible host and agent are in adequate numbers and the agent can be conveyed effectively from a source to the host that are susceptible.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 1 - List three reasons to study microbiology.Ch. 1 - What is the difference between microbiology and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3SCCh. 1 - List five bacterial diseases and five viral...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2.1SCCh. 1 - State the germ theory of disease. Try to think of...Ch. 1 - How did Pasteurs experiment with swan-necked...Ch. 1 - Why was the French microbiologists method of broth...Ch. 1 - What were the scientific contributions of Jenner,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3.2SC
Ch. 1 - What is the Human Genome Project? How has...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 1 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 1 - Can you think of some reasons why it might be hard...Ch. 1 - As often happens in science, one observation or...Ch. 1 - It is likely that others beside Anton van...Ch. 1 - The completion of chromosomal mapping and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 1SQCh. 1 - Conclusive evidence of thriving microbial life has...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is not true? (a) A single...Ch. 1 - Which is false regarding Archaea? (a) They lack a...Ch. 1 - Why are microbes important to study and how are...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6SQCh. 1 - Prob. 7SQCh. 1 - Animals such as worms and ticks are too large to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9SQCh. 1 - Prob. 10SQCh. 1 - What triggered the development and establishment...Ch. 1 - Prob. 12SQCh. 1 - Prob. 13SQCh. 1 - The biggest obstacle in the acceptance and...Ch. 1 - Match the following terms to the appropriate...Ch. 1 - Prob. 16SQCh. 1 - Prob. 17SQCh. 1 - Prob. 18SQCh. 1 - Describe the contributions of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20SQCh. 1 - Prob. 21SQCh. 1 - Prob. 22SQ
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- Design a grafting experiment to determine if limb mesoderm determines forelimb / hindlimb identity. Include the experiment, a control, and an interpretation in your answer.arrow_forwardThe Snapdragon is a popular garden flower that comes in a variety of colours, including red, yellow, and orange. The genotypes and associated phenotypes for some of these flowers are as follows: aabb: yellow AABB, AABb, AaBb, and AaBB: red AAbb and Aabb: orange aaBB: yellow aaBb: ? Based on this information, what would the phenotype of a Snapdragon with the genotype aaBb be and why? Question 21 options: orange because A is epistatic to B yellow because A is epistatic to B red because B is epistatic to A orange because B is epistatic to A red because A is epistatic to B yellow because B is epistatic to Aarrow_forwardA sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forward
- A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forwardWith reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forwardWith reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forward
- Which ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forwardDuring a routine medical check up of a healthy man it was found that his haematocrit value was highly unusual – value of 60%. What one of the options below is the most likely reason? He will have a diet high in iron. He is likely to be suffering from anaemia. He lives at high altitude. He has recently recovered from an accident where he lost a lot of blood. He has a very large body size.arrow_forward
- Explain what age of culture is most likely to produce an endospore?arrow_forwardExplain why hot temperatures greater than 45 degrees celsius would not initiate the sporulation process in endospores?arrow_forwardEndospore stain: Consider tube 2 of the 7-day bacillus culture. After is was heated, it was incubated for 24 hours then refrigerated. Do you think the cloudiness in this tube is due mostly to vegetative cells or to endospores? Explain your reasoningarrow_forward
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