Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 1, Problem 2CO
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Usefulness of microscopic, macroscopic and symbolic perspectives in understanding a chemical system should be explained.
Concept Introduction
- The characteristics we can see in a system and reactions happen in the system as a whole are the macroscopic qualities.Therefore, observing characteristics of the whole system refers to the macroscopic perspective.
- The characteristics of a single atom or a molecule are considered as microscopic properties. Therefore considering those microscopic properties such as speed, size, energy of individual atoms or molecules; is referred to as microscopic perspective.
- A chemical system consists of atoms. Atom is the smallest unit of a system and it is unimaginably small. Sometimes atoms do not exist alone and form molecules by forming bonds between two or more atoms of the same element or different elements.
- Symbolic Perspective refers to representing atoms, molecules and
chemical reactions in a system using symbols.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Define isotropy and anisotropy with respect to material properties
Arguably one of the most fundamental concepts in physical science is that of the second law of thermodynamics. Summarize the second law and make sure to include the two key aspects of the second law.
What is the role of environmental chemistry in the development of sustainable technologies?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1COCh. 1 - Prob. 2COCh. 1 - Draw pictures to illustrate simple chemical...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between inductive and...Ch. 1 - Use appropriate techniques to convert measurements...Ch. 1 - Express the results of calculations using the...Ch. 1 - Use the web to determine the mass of a steel...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2PAECh. 1 - Where does the scientific method start? What is...Ch. 1 - Use the web to determine the amount of aluminum...
Ch. 1 - Use the web to find current prices offered for...Ch. 1 - Use the web to determine the differences in the...Ch. 1 - When we make observations in the laboratory, which...Ch. 1 - Which of the following items are matter and which...Ch. 1 - Which macroscopic characteristics differentiate...Ch. 1 - How can a liquid be distinguished from a fine...Ch. 1 - Some farmers use ammonia, NHS, as a fertilizer....Ch. 1 - 1.10 Do the terms element and atom mean the same...Ch. 1 - 1.11 Label each of the following as either a...Ch. 1 - 1.12 Why do physical properties play a role in...Ch. 1 - 1.13 Physical properties may change because of a...Ch. 1 - 1.14 Which part of the following descriptions of a...Ch. 1 - Use a molecular level description to explain why...Ch. 1 - All molecules attract each other to some extent,...Ch. 1 - 1.15 We used the example of attendance at a...Ch. 1 - 1.16 Complete the following statement: Data that...Ch. 1 - 1.17 Complete the following statement: Data that...Ch. 1 - 1.18 Two golfers are practicing shots around a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.23PAECh. 1 - 1.20 Suppose that you are waiting at a corner for...Ch. 1 - 1.21 When a scientist looks at an experiment and...Ch. 1 - 1.22 What is the difference between a hypothesis...Ch. 1 - 1.23 Should the words theory and model be used...Ch. 1 - 1.24 What is a law of nature? Are all scientific...Ch. 1 - 1.25 Describe a miscommunication that can arise...Ch. 1 - 1.26 What is the difference between a qualitative...Ch. 1 - 1.27 Identify which of the following units are...Ch. 1 - 1.28 What is a “derived” unit?Ch. 1 - 1.29 Rank the following prefixes in order of...Ch. 1 - 1.30 The largest computers now include disk...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.35PAECh. 1 - 1.32 Use the web to determine how the Btu was...Ch. 1 - 1.33 How many micrograms are equal to one gram?Ch. 1 - 1.34 Convert the value 0.120 ppb into ppm.Ch. 1 - 1.35 How was the Fahrenheit temperature scale...Ch. 1 - Superconductors are materials that have no...Ch. 1 - 1.37 Express each of the following temperatures in...Ch. 1 - 1.38 Express (a) 275 oC in K, (b) 25.55 K in oC,...Ch. 1 - 1.39 Express each of the following numbers in...Ch. 1 - 1.40 How many significant figures are there in...Ch. 1 - 1.41 How many significant figures are present in...Ch. 1 - Perform these calculations and express the result...Ch. 1 - 1.43 Calculate the following to the correct number...Ch. 1 - 1.44 In an attempt to determine the velocity of a...Ch. 1 - 1.45 A student finds that the mass of an object is...Ch. 1 - 1.46 Measurements indicate that 23.6% of the...Ch. 1 - 1.47 A student weighs 10 quarters and finds that...Ch. 1 - 1.48 A rock is placed on a balance and its mass is...Ch. 1 - 1.49 A package of eight apples has a mass of 1.00...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.54PAECh. 1 - 1.51 A person measures 173 cm in height. What is...Ch. 1 - 1.52 The distance between two atoms in a molecule...Ch. 1 - 1.53 Carry out the following unit conversions. (a)...Ch. 1 - 1.54 Carry out each of the following conversions....Ch. 1 - 1.55 Convert 22.3 mL to (a) liters, (b) cubic...Ch. 1 - 1.56 If a vehicle is travelling 92 m/s, what is...Ch. 1 - 1.57 A load of asphalt weights 245 lb. and...Ch. 1 - 1.58 One square mile contains exactly 640 acres....Ch. 1 - 1.59 A sample of crude oil has a density of 0.87...Ch. 1 - 1.60 Mercury has a density of 13.6 g/mL. What is...Ch. 1 - 1.61 The area of the 48 contiguous states is...Ch. 1 - 1.62 The dimensions of aluminium foil in a box for...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.67PAECh. 1 - 1.64 Wire is often sold in pound spools according...Ch. 1 - 1.65 An industrial engineer is designing a process...Ch. 1 - 1.66 An engineer is working with archaeologists to...Ch. 1 - Draw a molecular scale picture to show how a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.72PAECh. 1 - 1.67 On average, Earth’s crust contains about 8.1...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.74PAECh. 1 - 1.69 The “Western Stone” in Jerusalem is one of...Ch. 1 - A load of bauxite has a density of 3.15 g/cm3. If...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.77PAECh. 1 - Prob. 1.78PAECh. 1 - Prob. 1.79PAECh. 1 - Prob. 1.80PAECh. 1 - Prob. 1.81PAECh. 1 - Use the web to research the elastic modulus and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.83PAECh. 1 - 1.84 A student was given two metal cubes that...Ch. 1 - 1.85 Battery acid has a density of 1.285 g/mL and...Ch. 1 - 1.86 Unfermented grape juice used to make wine is...Ch. 1 - 1.87 A solution of ethanol in water has a volume...Ch. 1 - 1.88 Legend has it that Archimedes, a famous...Ch. 1 - 1.89 Imagine that you place a cork measuring...Ch. 1 - 1.90 A calibrated flask was filled to the 25.00-mL...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- I need the answer as soon as possiblearrow_forward24. A 500-cm^3 sample of1.0 M NaOH(aq)is added to 500cm3 of 1.0M HCl(aq)in a Styrofoam cup, and the solution is quickly stirred. The rise in temperature (AT1) is measured. The experiment is repeated using 100cm^3 of each solution, and the rise in temperature (AT2) is measured. What conclusion can you draw about AT1 and AT2? HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq) H2O(1)+NaCL(aq); AH∞=-55.8KJ a. AT1 is five times as large as AT2 b. AT1 is less than AT2 c. AT2 is greater than AT1 d. AT2 is equal to AT1 e. AT2 is five times as large as AT1arrow_forwardWhy do molecules exist independently?arrow_forward
- Discuss the statement that a system and its surroundings are distinguished by specifying the properties of the boundary that separates them.arrow_forwardWhen sodium metal dissolves in compressed liquid ammonia, a highly conductive blue solution is formed. This effect occurs because of solvated electrons that are effectively confined within a packet of solvent molecules. In this question, we will estimate the properties of this system. a. First, derive a general expression for the energy gab using this model. In other words, calculate the difference in energy Δ E between state n+1 and state n using the constants m, L, and h. b. Assuming the transition occurs from the lowest energy state to the second state (n=1 --> n=2), estimate the length of the solvent pocket where the electron is confined. Report your answer in angstroms. Use your expression from part c. c. Higher level calculations have suggested the size of the box is approximately 11 angstroms. Based on this information and your answer to part d, comment on whether the particle in a box model provides a reasonable first approximation. d. How does the energy gap between states…arrow_forwardConstants: • c = 2.9979 x 108 m/s h = 6.626 x 10-34 J s per one photon • R = 8.314 J/(K mol) = 0.08206 L atm/(K mol) NA = 6.022 x 1023 particles/mol RH = 1.097 x 107 m1 = 2.178 x 10-18 J . . You have an aqueous Glucose solution that is 12.0% Glucose by mass. What is the molality of Glucose in the solution? Molar Mass of Water = 18.015 g/mol Molar Mass of Glucose 180.16 g/mol =arrow_forward
- The term "bond energy" and "bond enthalpy" have often been used interchangeably to describe the strength of a bond. a) Calculate the average bond enthalpy of the O-H bond in water at 298 K and 1 bar, given the reaction: H₂O(g) →2H(g) + O(g), with AHƒ = 218.0, 249.2, and -241.8 kJ mol¹¹ for H(g), O(g), and H₂O(g) respectively. Give your answer in units of kJ/mol. b) How does your answer from (a) compare to the average bond energy (i.e. AU) of the O-H bond at 298 K and 1 bar: 461.0 kJ/mol?arrow_forwardAbout 4.00 g of hydrogen gas undergoes combustion and produces water in its liquid state. Eventually, the temperature of the liquid is lowered to 273 K. How much energy must be released to the surroundings so that water will be totally frozen?arrow_forwardThe electronic structure of atoms and molecules may be investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. An electron in a photoelectron spectrometer is accelerated from rest by a uniform electric field to a speed of 420 km s−1 in 10 µs. Determine the magnitude of the work done on the electron. a. 1.6 x 10-19 J b. 1.6 x 10-25 J c. 4.0 x 10-2 J d. 8.0 x 10-20 Jarrow_forward
- E11 NB Q6 ... Unanswered If burning a substance in pure oxygen gas makes the flame glow brighter, predict what would happen if you put the burning substance in a container without any oxygen gas. Your answer Write your response here... K Submitarrow_forwardProvide the formal definition of enthalpy and explain all symbols used in it. Explain how the change in enthalpy is related to certain thermodynamic property (other than Gibbs energy).arrow_forwardRank the elements or compounds in the table below in decreasing order of their boiling points. That is, choose 1 next to the substance with the highest boiling point, choose 2 next to the substance with the next highest boiling point, and so on, substance D HI chemical symbol, chemical formula or Lewis structure H HH ||| HHH Ar H I Ag -0. H H :O: H |||| HICIC-CIH H boiling point (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Physical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,World of ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780618562763Author:Steven S. ZumdahlPublisher:Houghton Mifflin College DivChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningLiving By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHERPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physical Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133958437
Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
World of Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780618562763
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin College Div
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
Chemistry
ISBN:9781559539418
Author:Angelica Stacy
Publisher:MAC HIGHER
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning