α for one mole of an ideal gas at STP and SATP is to be calculated. Concept introduction: Generally, gaseous systems are used to study the thermodynamic properties since, the gaseous systems are well behaved. Intriguingly, the change in the state variables, when a certain state variable is changed can be determined. Thus, the gaseous systems are important in analyzing thermodynamic properties. In this regard, a few partial derivatives can be considered as basic properties of the gas. The two important partial derivatives of having significant interest are; 1) expansion coefficient of a gas ( α) 2) isothermal compressibility ( κ ) of a gas. Since, temperature and pressure of gas varies from location to location a standard reference is important for comparing the analyzing and the documentation of chemical and physical processes. There is a variety of notations for standard reference conditions of temperature and pressure such as STP and SATP.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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Chapter 1, Problem 1.61E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

α for one mole of an ideal gas at STP and SATP is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Generally, gaseous systems are used to study the thermodynamic properties since, the gaseous systems are well behaved. Intriguingly, the change in the state variables, when a certain state variable is changed can be determined. Thus, the gaseous systems are important in analyzing thermodynamic properties. In this regard, a few partial derivatives can be considered as basic properties of the gas. The two important partial derivatives of having significant interest are; 1) expansion coefficient of a gas (α) 2) isothermal compressibility (κ) of a gas. Since, temperature and pressure of gas varies from location to location a standard reference is important for comparing the analyzing and the documentation of chemical and physical processes. There is a variety of notations for standard reference conditions of temperature and pressure such as STP and SATP.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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