Chapter 1, Problem 1.43P

A simple solar heater consists of a flat plate of glass below which is located a shallow pan filled with water, so that the water is in contact with the glass plate above it. Solar radiation passes through the glass at the rate of ${\text{490 W/m}}^{\text{2}}$. The water is at $\text{92°C}$ and the surrounding air is at $\text{27°C}$. If the heat transfer coefficients between the water and the glass, and between the glass and the air are $\text{28 W/}\left({\text{m}}^{\text{2}}\text{K}\right)\text{ and 7 W/}\left({\text{m}}^{\text{2}}\text{K}\right)$ respectively, determine the time required to transfer $\text{1}{\text{.1 MJ/m}}^{\text{2}}$ of surface to the water in the pan. The lower surface of the pan is assumed to be insulated.