Effect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations: A Global Perspective. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firm’s economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.24 (pages 66–67) presents common-size condensed
- A. Accor (France): World’s largest hotel group, operating hotels under the names of Sofitel, Novotel, Motel 6, and others. Accor has grown in recent years by acquiring established hotel chains.
- B. Carrefour (France): Operates grocery supermarkets and hypermarkets in Europe, Latin America, and Asia.
- C. Deutsche Telekom (Germany): Europe’s largest provider of wired and wireless telecommunication services. The telecommunications industry has experienced increased deregulation in recent years.
- D. E.ON AG (Germany): One of the major public utility companies in Europe and the world’s largest privately owned energy service provider.
- E. Fortis (Netherlands): Offers insurance and banking services. Operating revenues include insurance premiums received, investment income, and interest revenue on loans. Operating expenses include amounts actually paid or amounts it expects to pay in the future on insurance coverage outstanding during the year.
- F. Interpublic Group (U.S.): Creates advertising copy for clients. Interpublic purchases advertising time and space from various media and sells it to clients. Operating revenues represent the commissions or fees earned for creating advertising copy and selling media time and space. Operating expenses include employee compensation.
- G. Marks & Spencer (U.K.): Operates department stores in England and other retail stores in Europe and the United States. Offers its own credit card for customers’ purchases.
- H. Nestlé (Switzerland): World’s largest food processor, offering prepared foods, coffees, milk-based products, and mineral waters.
- I. Roche Holding (Switzerland): Creates, manufactures, and distributes a wide variety of prescription drugs.
- J. Sumitomo Metal (Japan): Manufacturer and seller of steel sheets and plates and other construction materials.
- K. Sun Microsystems (U.S.): Designs, manufactures, and sells workstations and servers used to maintain integrated computer networks. Sun outsources the manufacture of many of its computer components.
- L. Toyota Motor (Japan): Manufactures automobiles and offers financing services to its customers.
REQUIRED
Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.24 with the firms listed above.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation
- Effect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.23 (pages 6263) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) Exhibit 1.23 also shows the ratio of cash flow from operations to capital expenditures. A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large for the firm to disclose it. A list of the 12 companies and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Abercrombie Fitch: Sells retail apparel primarily through stores to the fashionconscious young adult and has established itself as a trendy, popular player in the specialty retailing apparel industry. B. Allstate Insurance: Sells property and casualty insurance, primarily on buildings and automobiles. Operating revenues include insurance premiums from customers and revenues earned from investments made with cash received from customers before Allstate pays customers claims. Operating expenses include amounts actually paid or expected to be paid in the future on insurance coverage outstanding during the year. C. Best Buy: Operates a chain of retail stores selling consumer electronic and entertainment equipment at competitively low prices. D. E. I. du Pont de Nemours: Manufactures chemical and electronics products. E. Hewlett-Packard: Develops, manufactures, and sells computer hardware. The firm outsources manufacturing of many of its computer components. F. HSBC Finance: Lends money to consumers for periods ranging from several months to several years. Operating expenses include provisions for estimated uncollectible loans (bad debts expense). G. Kelly Services: Provides temporary office services to businesses and other firms. Operating revenues represent amounts billed to customers for temporary help services, and operating expenses include amounts paid to the temporary help employees of Kelly. H. McDonalds: Operates fast-food restaurants worldwide. A large percentage of McDonalds restaurants are owned and operated by franchisees. McDonalds frequently owns the restaurant buildings of franchisees and leases them to franchisees under long-term leases. I. Merck: A leading research-driven pharmaceutical products and services company. Merck discovers, develops, manufactures, and markets a broad range of products to improve human and animal health directly and through its joint ventures. J. Omnicom Group: Creates advertising copy for clients and is the largest marketing services firm in the world. Omnicom purchases advertising time and space from various media and sells it to clients. Operating revenues represent commissions and fees earned by creating advertising copy and selling media time and space. Operating expenses includes employee compensation. K. Pacific Gas Electric: Generates and sells power to customers in the western United States. L. Procter Gamble: Manufactures and markets a broad line of branded consumer products. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.23 with the firms listed above.arrow_forwardOne of the most important applications of ratio analysis is to compare a company’s performance with that of other players in the industry or to compare its own performance over a period of time. Such analyses are referred to as a comparative analysis and trend analysis, respectively. A) A common size analysis requires the representation of financial statement data relative to a single financial statement item (or base account or value). What is the most commonly used base item for a common size balance sheet? Net income Earnings before interest and taxes Total assets Net sales Suppose you are conducting an analysis of the financial performance of Blue Hamster Manufacturing Inc. over the past three years. The company did not issue new shares during these three years and has faced some operational difficulties. The company has thus pilot tested some new forecasting strategies for better operations management. You have collected the company’s relevant…arrow_forwardWhat are financial ratios? Using numerical values from financial statements, financial ratios are created to obtain useful information about a company. Using the numbers on a company's balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, quantitative analysis of a company's liquidity, leverage, growth, margins, profitability, rates of return, valuation, and other factors can be performed. Financial analysis ratio is used for 2 main purpose; to track the company’s performance and to make comparative judgements of the company performance. Users from outside: Retail investors, financial analysts, creditors, rivals, tax and regulatory authorities, and industry observers are internal users. Owners, employees, and the management team.arrow_forward
- Identify which ratio category is best described in each statement. • Ratios that help determine whether a company can access its cash and pay its short-term obligations are called • Ratios that help determine the efficiency with which a company manages its day-to-day tasks and assets are called asset management ratios. • Ratios that help assess a company's ability to service the interest and repayment obligations on its long-term debt and the degree to which it uses borrowed versus invested financial capital are called ratios. ratios help measure a company's ability to generate income and profits based on its invested capital. ratios examine the market value of a company's share price, its profits and cash dividends, and the book value of the firm's assets and relate them to other data items to determine how the firm is perceived in the stock market. liquidity ratios.arrow_forward1. Which of the following scenarios are the most appropriate applications of financial ratio analysis? I. Direct comparison of profitability between two companies which apply divergent accounting policies. II. Comparison of liquidity between two domestic financial institutions which apply consistent accounting policies. III. Direct comparison of profitability of a company before and after implementation of new accounting standards. IV. Trend analysis of financial ratios of a company across time periods.arrow_forwardIndustry standards for financial statement onalysis: Multiple Choice Are used to compare a company's performance to industry performance. Are based on rules of thumb. Are set by the government. Compare a company's income with its prior year's income. Are based on a single competitor's financial performance.arrow_forward
- Which statement best describes a financial ratio and financial ratio analysis? A financial ratio simply represents a relationship between 2 or more pieces of financial information; there is one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysis A financial ratio simply represents a relationship between 2 or more pieces of financial information; there is NOT one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysis A financial ratio simply represents a market estimate of a certain aspect of a firm's financial position and the industry's benchmark; there is one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysis A financial ratio simply represents a market estimate of a certain aspect of a firm's financial position and the industry's benchmark; there is NOT one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysisarrow_forwardOne of the most important applications of ratio analysis is to compare a company's performance with that of other players in the industry or to compare its own performance over a period of time. Such analyses are referred to as a comparative analysis and trend analysis, respectively. A common size analysis requires the representation of financial statement data relative to a single financial statement item (or base account or value). What is the most commonly used base item for a common size balance sheet? O Earnings before interest and taxes ONet sales ONet income O Total assets Suppose you are conducting an analysis of the financial performance of Cute Camel Woodcraft Company over the past three years. The company did not issue new shares during these three years and has faced some operational difficulties. The company has thus pilot tested some new forecasting strategies for better operations management. You have collected the company's relevant financial data, made reasonable…arrow_forwardQuestion: When preparing financial statements, which involve the culmination of various accounting principles and concepts, the process is crucial in portraying a company's financial health and performance. Among the key components, the income statement and the balance sheet stand as fundamental snapshots. The income statement delineates a company's revenues, expenses, and ultimately its profitability over a specific period, employing either the accrual basis or cash basis accounting. On the other hand, the balance sheet provides an overview of a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a given point in time, adhering to the accounting equation where assets are equal to liabilities plus shareholders' equity. Furthermore, the matching principle necessitates that expenses be recorded in the same period as the related revenues they helped generate, facilitating a more accurate representation of the company's financial performance. In the context of accounting…arrow_forward
- I need assistance with Questions 1 and 2arrow_forwardIndustry-Specific Ratios: Provide an explanation for each of the following Industry-Specific Ratios: 1)Coefficient of variation of operating income. 2)Coefficient of variation of net income 3)Coefficient of variation of revenues 4)Capital adequacy—banks please Citation is required.arrow_forwardProvide correct calculation for these accounting questionarrow_forward
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