Effect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firm’s economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.22 (pages 60–61) presents common-size condensed
- A. Amazon.com: Operates websites to sell a wide variety of products online. The firm operated at a net loss in all years prior to that reported in Exhibit 1.22.
- B. Carnival Corporation: Owns and operates cruise ships.
- C. Cisco Systems: Manufactures and sells computer networking and communications products.
- D. Citigroup: Offers a wide range of financial services in the commercial banking, insurance, and securities business. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees.
- E. eBay: Operates an online trading platform for buyers to purchase and sellers to sell a variety of goods. The firm has grown in part by acquiring other companies to enhance or support its online trading platform.
- F. Goldman Sachs: Offers brokerage and investment banking services. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees.
- G. Johnson & Johnson: Develops, manufactures, and sells pharmaceutical products, medical equipment, and branded over-the-counter consumer personal care products.
- H. Kellogg’s: Manufactures and distributes cereal and other food products. The firm acquired other branded food companies in recent years.
- I. MGM Mirage: Owns and operates hotels, casinos, and golf courses.
- J. Molson Coors: Manufactures and distributes beer. Molson Coors has made minority ownership investments in other beer manufacturers in recent years.
- K. Verizon: Maintains a telecommunications network and offers telecommunications services. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees. Verizon has made minority investments in other cellular and wireless providers.
- L. Yum! Brands: Operates chains of name-brand restaurants, including Taco Bell, KFC, and Pizza Hut.
REQUIRED
Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.22 with the firms listed above.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation
- Effect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.23 (pages 6263) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) Exhibit 1.23 also shows the ratio of cash flow from operations to capital expenditures. A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large for the firm to disclose it. A list of the 12 companies and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Abercrombie Fitch: Sells retail apparel primarily through stores to the fashionconscious young adult and has established itself as a trendy, popular player in the specialty retailing apparel industry. B. Allstate Insurance: Sells property and casualty insurance, primarily on buildings and automobiles. Operating revenues include insurance premiums from customers and revenues earned from investments made with cash received from customers before Allstate pays customers claims. Operating expenses include amounts actually paid or expected to be paid in the future on insurance coverage outstanding during the year. C. Best Buy: Operates a chain of retail stores selling consumer electronic and entertainment equipment at competitively low prices. D. E. I. du Pont de Nemours: Manufactures chemical and electronics products. E. Hewlett-Packard: Develops, manufactures, and sells computer hardware. The firm outsources manufacturing of many of its computer components. F. HSBC Finance: Lends money to consumers for periods ranging from several months to several years. Operating expenses include provisions for estimated uncollectible loans (bad debts expense). G. Kelly Services: Provides temporary office services to businesses and other firms. Operating revenues represent amounts billed to customers for temporary help services, and operating expenses include amounts paid to the temporary help employees of Kelly. H. McDonalds: Operates fast-food restaurants worldwide. A large percentage of McDonalds restaurants are owned and operated by franchisees. McDonalds frequently owns the restaurant buildings of franchisees and leases them to franchisees under long-term leases. I. Merck: A leading research-driven pharmaceutical products and services company. Merck discovers, develops, manufactures, and markets a broad range of products to improve human and animal health directly and through its joint ventures. J. Omnicom Group: Creates advertising copy for clients and is the largest marketing services firm in the world. Omnicom purchases advertising time and space from various media and sells it to clients. Operating revenues represent commissions and fees earned by creating advertising copy and selling media time and space. Operating expenses includes employee compensation. K. Pacific Gas Electric: Generates and sells power to customers in the western United States. L. Procter Gamble: Manufactures and markets a broad line of branded consumer products. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.23 with the firms listed above.arrow_forwardEffect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations: A Global Perspective. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.24 (pages 6667) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large for the firm to disclose it. A list of the 12 companies, the country of their headquarters, and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Accor (France): Worlds largest hotel group, operating hotels under the names of Sofitel, Novotel, Motel 6, and others. Accor has grown in recent years by acquiring established hotel chains. B. Carrefour (France): Operates grocery supermarkets and hypermarkets in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. C. Deutsche Telekom (Germany): Europes largest provider of wired and wireless telecommunication services. The telecommunications industry has experienced increased deregulation in recent years. D. E.ON AG (Germany): One of the major public utility companies in Europe and the worlds largest privately owned energy service provider. E. Fortis (Netherlands): Offers insurance and banking services. Operating revenues include insurance premiums received, investment income, and interest revenue on loans. Operating expenses include amounts actually paid or amounts it expects to pay in the future on insurance coverage outstanding during the year. F. Interpublic Group (U.S.): Creates advertising copy for clients. Interpublic purchases advertising time and space from various media and sells it to clients. Operating revenues represent the commissions or fees earned for creating advertising copy and selling media time and space. Operating expenses include employee compensation. G. Marks Spencer (U.K.): Operates department stores in England and other retail stores in Europe and the United States. Offers its own credit card for customers purchases. H. Nestl (Switzerland): Worlds largest food processor, offering prepared foods, coffees, milk-based products, and mineral waters. I. Roche Holding (Switzerland): Creates, manufactures, and distributes a wide variety of prescription drugs. J. Sumitomo Metal (Japan): Manufacturer and seller of steel sheets and plates and other construction materials. K. Sun Microsystems (U.S.): Designs, manufactures, and sells workstations and servers used to maintain integrated computer networks. Sun outsources the manufacture of many of its computer components. L. Toyota Motor (Japan): Manufactures automobiles and offers financing services to its customers. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.24 with the firms listed above.arrow_forwardQuestion: When preparing financial statements, which involve the culmination of various accounting principles and concepts, the process is crucial in portraying a company's financial health and performance. Among the key components, the income statement and the balance sheet stand as fundamental snapshots. The income statement delineates a company's revenues, expenses, and ultimately its profitability over a specific period, employing either the accrual basis or cash basis accounting. On the other hand, the balance sheet provides an overview of a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a given point in time, adhering to the accounting equation where assets are equal to liabilities plus shareholders' equity. Furthermore, the matching principle necessitates that expenses be recorded in the same period as the related revenues they helped generate, facilitating a more accurate representation of the company's financial performance. In the context of accounting…arrow_forward
- Identify which ratio category is best described in each statement. • Ratios that help determine whether a company can access its cash and pay its short-term obligations are called • Ratios that help determine the efficiency with which a company manages its day-to-day tasks and assets are called asset management ratios. • Ratios that help assess a company's ability to service the interest and repayment obligations on its long-term debt and the degree to which it uses borrowed versus invested financial capital are called ratios. ratios help measure a company's ability to generate income and profits based on its invested capital. ratios examine the market value of a company's share price, its profits and cash dividends, and the book value of the firm's assets and relate them to other data items to determine how the firm is perceived in the stock market. liquidity ratios.arrow_forward1. Which of the following scenarios are the most appropriate applications of financial ratio analysis? I. Direct comparison of profitability between two companies which apply divergent accounting policies. II. Comparison of liquidity between two domestic financial institutions which apply consistent accounting policies. III. Direct comparison of profitability of a company before and after implementation of new accounting standards. IV. Trend analysis of financial ratios of a company across time periods.arrow_forwardIndustry standards for financial statement onalysis: Multiple Choice Are used to compare a company's performance to industry performance. Are based on rules of thumb. Are set by the government. Compare a company's income with its prior year's income. Are based on a single competitor's financial performance.arrow_forward
- Definitional problems: Listed are eight terms that relate to financial statements:1. Balance-sheet statement2. Income statement3. Cash-flow statement4. Operating activities5. Investment activities6. Financing activities7. Treasury account8. Capital accountChoose the term from the list that most appropriately completes each of the following statements:1. As an outside investor, you would view a firm's____________ as the most important financial report for gauging the quality of earnings.2. Retained earnings as reported in the________ represent income earnedby the firm in past years that has not been paid out as dividends.3. The_________ is designed to show how a firm's operations have affectedits cash position by providing actual net cash flows into or out of the firmduring some specified period.4. Typically, a firm's cash flow statement is categorized into three activities:________ ,________and ___________,5. When you issue stock, the money raised beyond the par value is shown in the…arrow_forwardDescribe” the Ch9 - return on assets ratio. Explain the factors used in the formula, how the ratio assists the investor in evaluating a company’s performance, and whether it assesses liquidity, solvency, or profitability. Using the numbers in the recent Balance Sheet (Statements of Financial Position) and Income Statement (Statement of Operations) of a U.S. public corporation (state page numbers from the Form 10-K Annual Report), show your calculation and “analyze” the return on assets ratio for a public corporation and its competitor. Describe if the company is doing well in comparison to its competitor’s ratio results.arrow_forwardTHIS IS ALL ONE QUESTION, Thanks! The income statement, also known as the profit and loss (P&L) statement, provides a snapshot of the financial performance of a company during a specified period of time. It reports a firm’s gross income, expenses, net income, and the income that is available for distribution to its preferred and common shareholders. The income statement is prepared using the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that match the firm’s revenues and expenses to the period in which they were incurred, not necessarily when cash was received or paid. Investors and analysts use the information given in the income statement and other financial statements and reports to evaluate the company’s financial performance and condition. Consider the following scenario: Cold Goose Metal Works Inc.’s income statement reports data for its first year of operation. The firm’s CEO would like sales to increase by 25% next year. 1. Cold Goose is able to achieve this level…arrow_forward
- Which statement best describes a financial ratio and financial ratio analysis? A financial ratio simply represents a relationship between 2 or more pieces of financial information; there is one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysis A financial ratio simply represents a relationship between 2 or more pieces of financial information; there is NOT one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysis A financial ratio simply represents a market estimate of a certain aspect of a firm's financial position and the industry's benchmark; there is one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysis A financial ratio simply represents a market estimate of a certain aspect of a firm's financial position and the industry's benchmark; there is NOT one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysisarrow_forwardThe income statement, also known as the profit and loss (P&L) statement, provides a snapshot of the financial performance of a company during a specified period of time. It reports a firm's gross income, expenses, net income, and the income that is available for distribution to its preferred and common shareholders. The income statement is prepared using the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that match the firm's revenues and expenses to the period in which they were incurred, not necessarily when cash was received or paid Investors and analysts use the information given in the income statement and other financial statements and reports to evaluate the company's financial performance and condition. Consider the following scenario: Cold Goose Metal Works Inc.'s income statement reports data for its first year of operation. The firm's CEO would like sales to increase by 25% next year. 1. Cold Goose is able achieve this level of increased sales, but its interast costs…arrow_forwardThe income statement, also known as the profit and loss (P&L) statement, provides a snapshot of the financial performance of a company during a specified period of time. It reports a firm's gross income, expenses, net income, and the income that is available for distribution to its preferred and common shareholders. The income statement is prepared using the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that match the firm's revenues and expenses to the period in which they were incurred, not necessarily when cash was received or paid. Investors and analysts use the information given in the income statement and other financial statements and reports to evaluate the company's financial performance and condition. Consider the following scenario: Green Caterpillar Garden Supplies Inc.'s income statement reports data for its first year of operation. The firm's CEO would like sales to increase by 25% next year. 1. Green Caterpillar is able to achieve this level of increased sales, but its…arrow_forward
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